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MEMOIRS

OF THE

BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY.

VOLUME II. PART IV. NUMBER I.

PRODROME OF k MONOGRAPH OF THE TABAIID.E OF THE

UNITED STATES.

PART I. THE GENERA PANGONIA, CHRYSOPS, SILVIUS,
H.EMATOPOTA, DIABASIS.

By C. R. OSTEN SACKEN.

\

BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY.

Apeil, 1875.

XIII. Prodrome of a Monograph of the Tab.vxid.e of the United States. Part I.
The Genera Paiigonia, Chrysops, Silvius, Haematopota, Diabasis. By C. R. Osten

SacKEjST.

Read January 6, 1875.

J. HE purpose of the present paper is to pave the way for a future monograph of the
Tahanldcii of the United States. In a fixmily as difficult as the present, a preparatory pa-
per of this kind does good service in encouraging collectors and disclosing the doubtful
points which can be solved only by an increase of material.

A conscientious monograph requires, besides specific descriptions, a thorough investiga-
tion of the generic and family characters, based upon the knowledge of the generic forms
of the whole world. My present purpose being merely the discrimination of the species, I
refer, for the definition of the genera, to the existing works on the subject. I would espec-
ially recommend the chapter on Tahanidos in Dr. Loew's large work : Die Dlptern-Fauna
Sad-Africa's, in which a critical review of the whole family and of all the adopted genera
is given. A similar review will be found in Dr. Schiner's Diptera of the Novara expedition.

The types of all the descriptions given below are to be found in the Museum of Compar-
ative Zoology, in Cambridge, Mass., unless otherwise mentioned.

The following tabular arrangement has no other claims than to embrace the genera and
species contained in the present paper.

TABULAR ARRANGEMENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF TABANID.S;.

r Hind tibijB with spurs at the tip. Ocelli in most cases present 2.

* 1 Hind tibiiB without spurs ; no ocelli 4.

J Face and front (?) without tubercles or callosities Pangonia.

'1 Front (?) provided with a tubercle or callosity 3.

fSecond antennal joint .almost as long, or as long, as the first; wings with a black or brown
3. ^ design Chrysops.

[Second antennal joint very much shorter than the first; wings without any spots .... Silvius.

Front ( 2 ) much longer than broad ; frontal tubercle (when present) not transverse . . | Diabasis"

4- i Front (?) as broad as it is long, or broader; frontal tubercle transverse (about four times broader than

I long) • • Haematopota.

PANGONIA.

The described species from the United States (with the exception of F.fusiformis Walk.)

may be tabulated as follows : —

. r Proboscis longer than the whole body macroglossa Westw.

I Proboscis not much longer than the head 2,

JIEU0IR3 B03T. SOO. XAT. HIST. VOL. U. *2 (365)

366 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

_ [First posterior cell closed incisa Wied.

I First ])osterior cell open 3.

J Antenna; dark 4.

' lAntennffi light reddish or yellow 5.

, Hind borders of abdominal segments with gray hairs rasa Loew

Hind borders of abdominal segments with golden-yellow hairs tranquilla n. sp.

r Wings subhyaline, with a yellow stigma pigi'a n. sp-

■ '] Wings brownish, except the base and a space on the hind margin, which are hyaline . chrysocoma n. sp.

Of these six sjjecios, 1 know only those described by me, and the one desciiljed by Mr.
Loew. The seventh species, P.fnsiformis Walker, Dipt. Saund., p. 19, I could not insert
in the table, on account of the insufficiency of the description. The four species described
below, as well as P. incisa Wield, are provided with ocelli ; P. macroglossa Westw., has
none.

According to a manuscript note of Dr. LeBaron on a specunen of P. rasa Lw. Avhich I
have from him, the eyes of this species are immaculate. This is the only statement in my
possession concerning the coloration of the eyes in this genus.

1. FEingonia rasa.

Panff07ua rasa Loew., Centur., viii, 7.

Antenna; blackish-brown, two basal joints reddish; hind margins of the abdominal segments beset with
grayish hairs; wings snb-hyaline, stigma brown.

^ . Thora.x blackish-brown above, and with brownish hairs; gi'ay on the sides; abdomen brownish.
? . Thorax blackish-gray above, with short, apprcssed, white hairs ; gray on the sides ; abdomen brownish
or blackish.

Length, 10-12 mm.

Face and front gray, with a slight yellowish tinge ; palpi reddish, beset with black hair ;
antennae : two basal joints and extreme base of the third dark reddish, the former beset
with black hair ; the remainder of the third segment dark brown. Proboscis a little longer
than the head. Thorax ( 3 ) dull brownish-black, with a brownish gray-pollen, forming two
indistinct longitudinal lines ; a side view shows, in front of the scutellum, two spots covered
with bluish-gray pollen; sides of the thorax and breast gray ; the dorsum is clothed with a
brownish, erect pubesence : its sides and the pleurje with long grayish hairs. In the ? the
thorax is more grayish, with a faint brownish middle line and two lateral stripes of the
same color ; the dorsum is clothed with short, appressed white hairs ; the pleur;>3 with long,
soft hairs of the same color. Scutellum brown in the middle, hind margin gray. Abdomen
more or less dark brown ; two basal joints often blackish in the middle, hind borders of the
segments paler, and beset with whitish hairs. Legs reddish-brown. Wings subhyaline,
stigma brownish ; distal half of the marginal cell faintly tinged with brownish ; posterior
cells open.

Hab. Illinois (LeBaron); Wisconsin (Kennicott) ; Manlius, N. Y. (J. H. Comstock).
Two male and three female specimens.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 367

2. Pangonia tranquilla n. sp.

$ ,2 • Brownish-Llack, sides of alulomcn ami base of venter reildisli, aljilominal segments beset with
golilen-yellow hairs on the ]iosterior borders; legs brown, antennaj black, wings tinged with brownisli.
Body 12, wings lOi milliin. long.

Head yellowish-gray, beset with yellowish-gray hairs ; palpi (?) brown beset with black ■
hairs, palpi ( 5 ) narrow, brownish-black, grayish-poUinose at the base, sometimes reddish at
tip ; proboscis somewhat longer than the head, black with well developed labella ; anten-
nae black ; basal joint slightly grayish-polUnose and beset with Ijlack hairs. Thorax brown-
ish, with gray pollen and beset with yellowish hairs; in the S the thoracic dorsiun shows
three l^rown longitudinal lines on grayish ground ; sciitellum brownish, posterior margin
grayish-poll inose. Abdomen blackish-ljrown ; three basal segments reddish-yellow on the
sides and on a narrow margin posteriorly ; the following segments have only a trace of yel-
lowish-red on the sides ; all the segments with a fringe of golden-yellow hairs on the poste-
rior margin : venter ; l:)asal segments reddish-yellow, the following ones black. Legs black,
knees somewhat paler. Wings with a brownish tinge, which is more saturate and somewhat
yellowish in the region of the stigma and along the anterior margin ; no stump of a vein
on the fork of the third vein ; posterior cells open.

Ilab. Massachusetts (Mr. Sanljorn); White Mts. (B. P. Mann); also in the Middle
States (Entom. Soc. Phil.) ; Canada (Belanger). One male and two females

is.

3. Pangonia pigra n. sp.

3 , ? . Brownisli-yellow, beset with golden-yellow hairs ; antennas and legs reddish-yellow. Wings hya-
line, stigma yellow.

Body ll-ll?r, wings lO.V millini. long.

Female. Head yellowish-gray ; palpi reddish-yellow, beset at the base v,dth pale yellow
hairs ; antennae reddish, basal joints yellowish-pollinose and beset with pale hairs ; proboscis
somewhat shorter than the head, comparatively stout, with large labella. Thorax fulvous,
with short appressed yellow hairs above, altogether covering the blackish stripes on the disc ;
longer, paler hairs on the sides and below. Scutellum fulvous, more or less blackish in
the middle. Abdomen brownish-yellow, with appressed golden-yellow hairs, especially ap-
parent as a fringe on the posterior margins of the segments. Legs brownish-yellow.
Wings nearly hyaline, slightly grayish ; yellowish at base and along the costal margin, in-
side of the first longitudinal vein ; stigma large, elongate, saturate yellow ; no stump on
the fork of the third vein ; posterior cells open.

A male from the Museum of the Entomological Society in Philadelphia has the thoracic
dorsum blackish, with two reddish lines separating the usual stripes ; the scutellum is black-
ish in the middle ; the l)rownish-red abdomen has, besides the appressed golden-yellow
hairs, which are but little apparent, some short, erect blackish hairs, especially visible on
the sides.

Hab. Bee Spring, Kentucky, in June (Sanborn) ; another specimen from the State of
New York. Two females, one male.

368 ' C- I'- OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

4. Pangonia chiysocoma n. sp.

Aiilcnnre redilish ; proboscis very sliort ; wings, brownisli niitcriorly, bynliiic nt tbe root and posteriorly.
5 . Thorax and abdomen dark brown, the latler with the hind margins of the segments yellowish and be-
set with golden-yellow hairs.

$ . Thorax and abdomen jiale yellow, clothed with an ajiinx'ssed, shining, golden-yellow pubescence.
Lengtli, S 10 mm.; $ 14 mm.

Male. Antenna? i-eddi^:!!, t\vo Ijasal joints beset with lung, black hair; face brownish,
clothed with yellowish-brown pollen. Thorax blackish-brown, with a yellowish pubescence;
pleura? grayish-poUinose. Abdomen Ijlackish-brown, with narrow yellow bands, clothed
with a golden-yellow pubescence, along the incisin-es of the segments. Legs reddish-yellow,
tips of tarsi brownish. Wings : root hyaline, with pallid veins ; a brown cloud occupies
the proximal and anterior part of the wings, fdling the two basal, the marginal, the greater
portion of the first sulnnarginal, and the proximal half of the first posterior cells ; also inva-
ding the proximal ends of the discal and the fifth posterior cells ; anal aiigle and anal cell
also tinged with brown in the middle ; costal cell and stigma browni.sh-ferruginous ; second
submarginal cell grayish ; the remainder of the wing, between the ends of the third and
fifth veins, along the hind margin, including the larger portion of the discal cell, hyaline.

Female. Head pale yellow, opaque ; front very broad, broader anteriorly than posteri-
orly ; eyes comparativel}' small ; a triangular space above the antenna; is destitute of pol-
len, and hence more shining ; below the antennre, down to the palpi, there is a convex,
trapezoid*! reddish-yellow, shining space, limited by deep grooves. Antenna? 3'ellbw, third
joint reddish. Palpi yellow, with short, black hairs. Proboscis extending but little beyond
the palpi, yellow, lips large. Cheeks clothed with a very soft, whitish pubescence. Thorax
somewhat reddish on the disc, with a faint trace of a longitudinal dark line, otherwise uni-
formly yellowish, densely clothed with appressed pale yellow, shining hairs. The abdom-
inal segments above show some traces of brownish at the base ; otherwise the abdomen is
uniformly yellowish, w'xih a dense, appressed, pale golden-yellow, shining pubescence. Ilal-
teres and legs yellow. Wings : a pale brown cloud of a rather indefinite outline occupies the
two basal, marginal and suljuuirginal cells, somewhat encroaching upon the base of the
first posterior, of the discal and slightly upon the fifth posterior cells ; the root of the wing
is hyaline ; the costal cells, the base of the marginal cell and the whole posterior half of
the wing are impure hyaline ; a slight brownish cloud in the axillary corner of the wing.
Sigma and its environs tinged with yellow. Base of the second submarginal cell rather,
acute ; no stump. All posterior cells open.

Hah. Middle States; Trenton Falls, N. Y. ; Delaware. (A male in the Museum of the
Ent. Soc. Philad. ; a female in Mus. Com]). Zool., Cambridge, Mass.)

Obseroatlon. The proboscis of tliis species is vuuisually short for a Pangonia ; the basal
division of the third joint is stout, without any vestige of an angular projection ; the ( 9 )
front is three times as broad as in the three preceding species ; the head is flattened, etc.^

lit may bii useful to reproibice here tlie rather iiuiecessi- .alarum .albis, abiloiniiie piceo, scgraeiito primo fiilvo niargi-

ble deseription of P. macrojloxsa Westw. (Loiui. and Edinb. nato, 2'° et 4" ,albo niargiiiato, T° rufo margiiiato, reliijuls

riiilos. Magaz. 183.3). fusco inargiiiatis ; alis basi et a costam late infuiiiatis ; pedi-

Pangonia macroglossa Westw. — Pallide fusco pubes- bus tostaceis.— Long. corp. lin. S| long.; prob. lin. 15. E.\p.

cens ; t'acie alba, (oeellis 0), thorace vittis duabus longitudi- alar. lin. 10. Hab. in Georgia.
nalibus in medio, lateribus et macula utrinque basin versus

OF THE TABANID^E OF THE UNITED STATES. 369

CHRYSOPS.

The great difference in the coloring of the body, existing between the males and the fe-
males of Chrysops and the comparative rarity of the former in collections, compelled me to
adopt the plan of basing this monographic essay principally on the female specimens. Thus
the analytical table is drawn for females only ; in the diagnoses and descriptions, the fe-
males are introduced first ; short, comparative descriptions of the males are added, where-
ever they are known. Although it seems easy enough to refer the males to the proper
females, by the comparison of the design on the wings, and especiallj- on their distal por-
tion, which is usually identical in both se.xes, I would hesitate to place an absolute reliance
on such identifications, until they were confirmed by actual observation, that is, by a cap-
ture of both sexes together in the saaie locality. Such captures I have been able to make
in a very few cases only, and for this reason most of the females described below are ac-
companied by probable, but nevertheless hypothetical, males.

For further details on the genus Chrysops, I refer to Dr. Loew's paper on the European
species (Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. 1858, p. G1.3). I would only add a single remark con-
cerning a character not mentioned by him, namely, the coloring of the eyes in living speci-
mens. All the American species of Chrysops which I had the opportunity to observe alive,
have the eyes colored very nearl}^ in the same manner (fig. 1); that is, the ground-color
being gi'een, there is along the occipital margin a dark purple Ijorder with an indentation
in the middle ; on the opposite or frontal margin, there are three purple spots ; and between
the two, in the middle of the eye, there is a fourth sj^ot, usually
arrow-shaped, the shaft of which reaches upwards .and ends in the
occipital border (C. excitans). All the species observed b}' nic
show only modifications of this design. Sometiuies the occipital

border, instead of being notched, is interrupted in the middle; ,,. ,,. „

. . . . ' iig. 1 . I'lg. 2. l'ig-3.

or the arrow-head is connected on one side with the middle one
of the three spots near the frontal margin {C. phiiujrns); or the shaft is interrupted
above (C. niger), or altogether wanting; in the latter case, the arrow-shaped spot is
sometimes replaced by a more or less I'ounded one, and when this round spot is con-
nected with the lateral spot near it (fig. 2, C. fag ax) the pattern appears considerably
modified, although it belongs to the same original type. Slight variations occur in the
same species, and my observations have not been sufficiently numerous to enable me to
characterize the eyes of each species separately. C. astiiaiis. montaniis, liUavls, excitans,
deUcalulus, niger, uniolttaius, j)l(ingens and fit g ax have their ej^es colored on the above
described pattern with the indicated modifications. The male specimens show the same
design, only modified by the lengthening of its upper half and the shortening of the lower
one, the former having the larger and the latter the smaller facets. The only excep)tional
pattern, which I have hitherto observed, is that of the eyes of C. flavichis Wicd, a species
very different in its general appearance and coloring from the typical Chrysops. (See fig.
3.) In this pattern the central spot (the arrow-head,) which is the most persistent feature
in the eyes of the first pattern, has disappeared.

A few words onl}- will be necessary in explanation of the terms used by me in the
following descriptions. I call ajilcal spot every iufuscation of the portion of the wing

MEMOIRS BOST. SOC. NAT. HIST. VOL. II. 93

370 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

beyond the usual crossband, whether this infuscation is connected with the crossband or
se2:)arated from it. The hA'ahne interval between the crossband and the apical spot, I have
usually called the hynllne triangle.

In identifying species of Chrysops, the principal attention should be 2)aid to the design of
the wings. It is cha met eristic of the species and, at the same time, remarkably constant
within the same species. It also helps to refer the male specimens to their females, however
different in coloring the sexes may be. The wings of the male are usually somewhat darker
on their proximal half; the infuscation of the two basal cells reaches farther towards the
distal end of these cells, the anal cell and anal angle often have a brownish tinge, which
may not exist in the female. But in the distal half of the wing, esj^ecially in the sliajoe of
the apical spot and of the hyaline triangle between it and the crossband, the resemblance
between the sexes is, in most cases, much greater. The coloring of the antenna? and of
the legs is very variable within the same species and in the same sex, and not to l^e relied
upon. The relative extent of black and reddish on the abdomen is also very variable in
the same species ; often the whole appearance of a specimen is changed by an extensive
jirevalonce of the one or the other color. The coloring of the wings is the only safe guide
through all these difficulties.

The insufficiency of most of the descriptions by Walker and Macquart has compelled me,
in many cases, to quote their descriptions as doubtful synonyms of my supposed new spe-
cies. As I give detailed and I hope siifficiently clear, descriptions of all the species, I trust
that in most cases there will be but little doubt as to the species I mean to describe. The
other question, that of the names to be given to these species, is comparatively of a sec-
ondary importance, and can be settled only through the comparison of the original types of
the earlier descriptions in London and Paris.

I describe in this paper twenty-three species of Chrysops distriliuted over the area con-
tained between the District of Columbia, Wisconsin and Canada (Ijesides C. atropos, from
Florida) ; no dou))t many more species will be discovered. Tlie whole of Europe north of
the Alps possesses only twelve species ; the southern peninsulas have four sjiecies more ;
total for Europe sixteen species. Among the twenty-four North American species here
described seven have no apical spot, that is the whole apical portion of the wing is hyaline.
Of the sixteen European species not a single one belongs to this category. Four Evu'opean
species have a hyaline or subhyaline spot in the middle of the crossband ; no such species
have been discovered yet in the Atlantic basin of North America ; but I have seen one or
two from California. 8uch are the results of a comparison of both faunas, based on the de-
scriptions of the European species. A comparison of sj^ecimens would probably disclose
still other curious analogies or differences ; unfortunately I have specimens of only two Eu-
ropean species before me.

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF THE SPECIES (CONSTRUCTED FOR FEMALE SFECIJIENS ONLY).

^ jThe apex of the wing, liej-oml the crossbaiul, is hyaline 2.

" 1 The apex of the wing, beyond the crossband, is more or less infuscated 8.

[The whole wing, except the apex, is black, fading into davk-gray posteriorly . 1. atropos u. sp. ^7
"■ 1 The whole wing, besides the apex, is nut black 3.

10

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 371

jBoth basal cells are infuscated on their proximal half 4.

' 1 Second basal cell hyaline ; face ferruginous in the mithlle 7. niger ilacq. 'i) '

Abdomen marked with more or less yellow on the sides 5.

Abdomen altogether black G.

Abdominal segments with narrow gray borders posteriorly ; the yellow spots on the sides of the first

two abdominal segments small 6. sordidus n. sp. '•^

Abdominal segments without any gray hind borders; the yellow spots on the sides of the abdcmien

usually large 2. excitans Walk, i.-''^

{Thorax with a conspicuous tuft of yellowish-ferruginous hairs on each side, in front of the
wings 5. celer n. sp. ^1 ^
Thorax with pale yellowish hairs on the sides 7.

fFifth posterior cell filled out with brown at the proximal end; thorax with two rather distinct whitish

J lines anteriorly 3. mitis n. sp. ''j'^ '^

I Fifth posterior cell with a small hyaline spot at the jiroxiinal end; no distinct white linos on the

L thorax 4. fugax n. sp. ^ '^^i^'"^"-'''^;

Wliole body brownish-yellow ; abdomen with a pale-brownish design . . . .5. flavidus Wied.-^';;'3'
Body more or less black (or at least with black longitudinal stripes on the abdomen) .... 9.

J Both basal cells hyaline ^ 10.

1 First basal cell altogether, or to a considerable extent, infuscated 17.

'The apical spot consists of a narrow brown border .along the costa, between the crossband and the

apex; (distal half of the finst subniarginal cell, except at its extreme end, hyaline) . . . .11.

The apical sjjot is broad, and fills out a considerable portion of the distal half of the first submar-

ginal cell 13.

f Crossband in the usual shape, not attenuated posteriorly 12.
Crossband attenuated posteriorly, the brown occupying but a small portion of the discal and fotu-th
posterior cells 10. delicatulus n. sp. "^

{A black triangle encroaches upon the yellow on each side of tlie A'S'i'iped black spot on the second
abdominal segment 8. aestuans v. d. Wulp. 2> '
No black tiiangles on the sides of the A-shaped black spot on the second segment. 9. callidus n. sp. ST ^
(The hyaline triangle, between the apical spot and the crossband, stops short at the second longitudinal
vein 14.
The hyaline triangle, etc., is prolonged beyond the second longitudin.al vein, towards the costa . .15.
f Second and third abdominal segments black, with yellow hind margins, expanded into triangles in the ^

j middle; frontal callosity reddish 11. pudicus n. sp. ^

' "" Second and third abdominal segments yellow, with four broad longitudinal lilack lines, which are often

broader than the intervening yellow spaces ; frontal callosity black . . . 12. montanus u. sp.

Abdomen dark brown, or black above, with a yellow longitudinal stripe, attenuated posteriorly, and

two shorter and narrower stripes on each side 23. obsoletus Wied.

I Abdomen yellow above, with two small, converging black spots on the second segment; segments
L three and four black and yellow 16.

{The crossband reaches the ])osterior margin 22. fallax n. sp. ""^ "^
The crossband does not quite reach the jwsterior margin, the fourth posterior cell not being quite filled
out with brown 21. hilaris n. sp. "^"^

1 The species referred to here have, in some instances, an C. monlanus, which has the largest infuscation of the first

inconsiderable infuscation at the proximal end of the first basal cell, among all the species referred to No. 10.

basal cell, \yWle the species referred to No. 17 have this cell C.frujidus, which has the smallest infuscation among the

infuscated far beyond the middle. Between these alterna- species referred to No. 17.

xW

•S^'-

15.

lives, a doubt may arise in the following cases only.

372 C. R. OSTEN SACKKN'S PRODROME

j Body altoo;ethcr gray 01- l)l;uki.sh 24. plangens Wied- '

I Body more or k'ss marked with yellow 18.

[Face black, with the usual stripes of iulvous i)ollen 14. frigidus n. sp. ^'''^

I Face ferruginous in the middle 19.

r A|)ical spot l.irge, reaching beyond the second submarginal cell, and invading the first posterior . 20.

' 1 The ajiical .sjiot does not reach beyond the second submarginal cell 22.

["The ]iy;dine s]iace, between the cro.ssband and the apical spot, is confined to a sni;ill triniigle in the ^^

20. \ second and third posterior cells 17. moechus ' n. sp. ■^

[The hyaline space, etc., reaches across the first j)ostcrior cell 21.

fAljihinien with a broad, yellow, longitudinal stripe in the middle, enclosed between two blackish

21. \ stripes 16. univittatus Macq. ^ „

I Abdomen brown, with three brownish-yellow, often indistinct longitudinal stripes 18. morosus n. sp. ~^

r Abdomen yellow, with four black stripes 23.

OO 1 *' *

23.

I Abdomen black, yellow on the sides, and witii yellow triangles on the segments . . 13. indus n. sp.'^

Frontal tubercle and scutelhim reddish 19. vittatUS Wied."^ '^/^

Frontal tubercle black ; scutellum at the base, more or less blackish 20. StriatUS n. sp. ^'^ A

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

A. The apical portion of the wing, bejonil the crossband, is h3'ahne, without any dis-
tinct brown spot or brown border.

1. Chrysops atiopos n. sp.

?C/mjso2}s (Jivisns Walker, List, etc., I, p. 204.

? . Altogether black, wings tinged with black, except the apex, which is hyaline.
Lengtli, 9-10 mm.

Female. Altogether black ; a large, shining l:)lack, oljtriangiilar surface occupies almost
the whole face, showing each side a maniiniforni protu1)erance ; streaks of fulvous pollen be-
tween this triangle and the black cheeks ; pollen of the same color forms a narrow border
alono- the facial orbit, round the root of the antennte and on the sides of the front ; the
black, shining, frontal callosity is separated from the vertex Ijy an opaque, brownish-polli-
nose crossband. Palpi black, brownish on the inside. Antennte black, comparatively long,
the first and second joints being longer than usuiil ; the first somewhat incrassate. Thorax
clothed with a very thin chocolate-brown pollen, hardly concealing the shining black color
beneath ; it is more dense anteriorly, where it forms two indistinct lines, abbreviated poste-
riorly, and more visiljje from a side view; (this thoracic pollen is very easily rubbed off).
Pleurai brownish. Abdomen with scattered whitish hairs toward the tip. First joint of mid-
dle and hind tarsi yellowish, except the tip, which is black ; root of second joint likewise
pale. Apical tliird of the wings hyaline ; the remainder black, wliich color is most saturate
along the costa ; anal cell and the whole anal angle, grayish. The veins in the hyaline, ap-
ical portion of the wing are yellowish, especially the costal vein.

Ilab. Florida (Wekiva River, in March, Prof J. Wyman ; Indian River, E. Palmer).
Eighteen female specimens.

' This is the hypothetical female of C. mocchus <i , described below.

OF THE TABANID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 373

The description of G. diolsxs Walker, seems to agree with this species, except the impor-
tant statement " chest and abdomen clothed with dark tawny hairs," of wliich there is no
trace in C. atropos.

2. Chiysops excitans.

Chrysops excitans "Walker, Dipt. Saunders, p. 72.

? . Apex of the wiii2;s liyaliue ; proximal half of tlie two basal cells infuscated ; two or three basal segments
of the abdomen yellowish on the sides ; a distinct gray or yellowish-gray triangle on the second segment.

Length, 10-12 mm.

3 . Body altogether black. Coloring of the wings darker than in ? , with a fenestrate hyaline spot in the
middle. Length, 10-11 mm.

Female. The black, shining facial callosities prolonged in front and converging above
the month ; between them, a short pointed stripe of fulvons pollen ; similar stripes separate
the callosities from the black, shining cheeks ; frontal callosity large, Ijlack, shining, separa-
ted from the black spot on the vertex by a fulvous crossl^and attenuated in the middle ; the
orbits and the root of the antennas show narrow margins of the same fidvous pollen. An-
tennoB : first joint reddish-black at tip ; second joint darker, almost black, although showing
traces of red, especially on the under side ; third joint black. Thorax blackish, clothed with
fulvous hair, especially dense on the pleiinu ; on the dorsum the beginning of a broad, but
faint gray stripe is visible anteriorly ; it is more or less distinctly margined with lines of
yellowish pollen on each side, and is divided longitudinally by a faint, black line. Abdomen
black, the sides of two, sometimes three, basal segments, yellowish tawny ; the posterior
margins of the .second, third and fourth segments show, on the black color in the middle,
triangles beset with golden hair ; that on the second segment is especially large and
distinct; (in rubbed specimens this triangle is grayish or yellowish, the latter in such
specimens where the yellow on both sides is contmued along the jiosterior margin). The
third and following abdominal segments are Ijlack, clothed with golden-yellow hair on their
surface, as well as on their posterior margin. Venter yellowish-tawn}' at the base, Ijlack
towards the tip, the black more or less encroaching upon the yellow along the central line
in the shape of spots of different sizes in different specimens. Legs black, with a vestige
of brownish at the basis of the tibife and of the four posterior tai'si. Wings with a hya-
line apex ; the two basal cells infuscated up to the middle ; the crossband does not reach
the posterior margin and does not fill out the fourth posterior cell ; the inner end of the
fifth posterior cell is infuscated, although less dark than the crossband ; anal cell and anal
angle have a slight brownish tinge ; the fifth vein, up to the crossvein, is brown in older
specimens. A more or less distinct whitish halo along the distal margin of the crossband,
sometimes hardly apparent.

The coloring of the abdomen of the female is very variable in the extent of the yellow ;
in some specimens the sides of the third and even of the fourth segments are of that color ;
in one specimen (British Possessions, Scudder) the yellow is the prevailing color on the
abdomen, reaching the fifth segment, and leaving only a square black spot in the middle
of the first, fourth and fifth segments, and a bilobed spot on the second and third. The
coloring of the venter shows more or less yellow, in proportion to the upper surface ; in

MESIOIRS BOST. SOO. KAT. HIST. TOL. n. M

37i

C R. OSTEN SAC'KEN'S PRODROME

the latter specimen, the venter is almost entirely yellow, except at the extreme tip; in very
dark specimens it is almcst entirely black. The pattern of tlie Avings is remarkably uni-
form in all specimens.

Male. Body altogether black ; abdomen, towards the tip with grayish golden hairs,
which, on the second, third, and fourth segments, form faint triangles; (in rubbed off
specimens a very fliint gray triangle is visiljle on the second segment). Venter black, some-
times brownish on the sides of the posterior margins of the segments, clothed with golden
haii-s, especially on the margins. The thorax is clothed with .black hairs; in some speci-
mens, however, rather numerous yellowish-gray hairs are mixed with them, in which case
the thorax somewhat resembles that of the female ; a trace of gray pollen is visible anteri-
orly. The pattern of the wings is like that of the female, only the brown of the two basal
cells is more intense and reaches beyond the middle of the cells, reaching the brown in iho.
proximal end of the fifth posterior cell, thus leaving a well-marked hyaline fenestrate spot
in the shape of a parahelogram in the middle of the wing. The brownish tinge in the anal
cell and in the anal angle is also more satin-ate than in the female. A slight ])lackish
shadow (indistinct in some specimens), is visilde in the hyaline portion of the marginal cell,
near the costa (a mere vestige of it is often perceptible in female specimens).

Hah. A common and wide-spread species. Catskill, N. Y., in July; Waterville, N. H.,
July (Scudder) ; different parts of British America (the same) ; Lake Superior (A. Agassiz);
Yukon River and MacKenzie River (Kennicott) ; Anticosti (Verrill), etc. Twenty-five fe-
male and five male specimens.

Observation. The description was principally drawn from eight well preserved and fresh
specimens, male and female, which I caught in the summer of 1874 near the Mountain
House, Catskill, N. Y. The specimens from Anticosti are very dark, and the facial pollen is
o-ravish, rather than fulvous. I have but little douljt concerning the identity of the above
described species with Mr. Walker's C. excUans. Some error must have been committed
by him in tlie description of the antennoe, which is not clear. He describes only the female.

3. Chiysops mitis ii. sp.

"> Chryso2')s provocans Walker, Dipt. SaumL, ]>. 73.

?. Apex of the wings hj-nliue ; ]iro.\iiiial half of the two basal cells infuscateil ; anal cell ami anal angle
more or less tinged with brownish; two grayish, inlerrnpted lines on the thoi-nx ; abdomen altogether black,
with faint triangles of grayish hair.

Length, 11-12 mm.

Not unlike the preceding species, from which the female is easily distinguished by an
altogether black abdomen, with a grayish and not golden pubescence.

Female. Head as in C. excitans, only the pollen on face and front is yellowish-gray, in-
stead of fulvous ; (in one of iny specimens, however, it is fulvous). Antenna! black, first
joint reddish, black at tip ; second, )jlackish-red on the underside. Thoracic doi-sum with
two "-ray longitudinal lines, reaching to about the middle ; interval between them brownish,
grayish-poUinose anteriorly, where the beginning of a Ijlackish line is visible ; jjleuro) with
dense yellowish-gray hairs in the upper part ; some black hairs between the root of the
wings and the humeri. Abdomen Ijlack, with a thinly scattered grayish pubescence, more

OF THE TABANID^E OF THE UNITED STATES. 375

dense on the sides and towards the apex ; on the second and third segments this pnbes-
cence forms faint triangles. Legs black, root of the four posterior tarsi brownish. Pattern
of the wings as in C exciians, except that the brown coloring is somewhat less dark, and
that the brown in the two basal cells reaches a httle farther, so that the hyaline space be-
tween this brown and that of the crossband is a little narrower, especially in the second
cell. An indistinct whitish halo along the distal margin of the crossband.

Hah. British Possessions in N. America from Canada (W. Couper), to MacKenzie and
Yukon Rivers (E. Kennicott) ; Lake Superior. Nine females.

This species is not unlike C. excitans, but is easily distinguished Ijy the altogether black
coloring of the abdomen, the two gray stripes on the thorax, which are much more distinct
than the corresponding yellowish lines in that species, the above indicated slight difference
in the coloring of the wings, etc. The brown of the picture, in most specimens, seems to
be a httle less dark than in O. excitans. The resemblance of C. mifls to C. celer will be
discussed under the head of the latter species.

The identity of Mr. Walker's C. jirovocans with the present species seems proljable. The
statement that the facial callosities are larger than those of C. excitans agrees with this s^ie-
cies better than with C. celer ; the "tuft of pale yellow hairs ... at the base of the
wings", describes the pubescence of C. mitis, rather than the ferruginous pubescence of C.
celer ; but the statement that the crossband approaches nearer the hind border than that of
C excitans, renders the identification douljtful.

Macquart's description of G. ater agrees with the present species, except in size. As he
compares G. ater to G. nicjer and at the same time makes it half a line smaller, the identi-
fication with G. mitis becomes impossible.

4. Chrysops fugax n. sp.

? Chrysops carbonarius "Wiilkcr, List, etc., I, p. 203 (e.cpartc).
? Chrysops ater Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4"= SuppL, ]i. 40.

$. Like C. mitis, but smaller; whitish lines of the thorax imporccptihle ; gi"ay triangles on abdomen
almost imperceptible ; a small hyaline spot at the jiroximal end of the fifth posterior cell.
Length, 8-9 mm.

I should hesitate to separate this from the preceding species, if it were not for the con-
stancy of the characters just given. I have fourteen female specimens before me ; from
Norway, Me. (S. I. Smith), Gorham, N. H. (Austin), Canada (W. Couper), divide between
Idaho and Montana (C. Thomas), Yukon River (Kennicott). All agree in having the fifth
posterior cell hyaline at the proximal end, and not filled out with a brownish tinge; this hy-
aline spot coalesces with the hyaline space in the second basal cell. All such specimens are
considerably smaller than the average-sized sjDCcimens of G. mitis and the best preserved
among them show but a vestige of the whitish fines on the anterior part of the thorax, which
are comparatively distinct in the other species. The dorsal triangles on the abdomen also,
are hardly perceptible or not visible at all. In size and general appearance this species is
not unlike C. niger, and I suspect that Mr. Walker's G. carbonarius is a mixture of the
present species with G. niger Macq. His Var. ^ would, in this case, especially refer to G.
niger. AU the statements, which do not agree with G. fugax (as that the crossband "ex-

376 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODIiOME

tendy to the liiiid border," the description of the four hind larsi, etc.) apply much better
to C. n'ujer. It must l)e Ijorne in mind at the same time that what Mr. Walker had as C.
nhjer is not Macquart's species at all, but my C. sordidus.

Macquart's C. (iter, if we follow the letter of his description, may be the present species j
nevertheless his statements are too vague for a positive identification.

5. Chrysops celer n. sp.

?. Apex of the winiis liynline; proximal halt' of the two basal cells infuscateil ; body black; a conspicu-
ous tuft of yellawish-fernigiiioiis hairs on each side of the thorax.
Length, 11-1'2 mm.

Female. Facial and frontal callosities as in C. excitans, only somewhat smaller ; the line
of fulvous pollen separating tlie facial callosities is broad and short ; on the front the pollen
is more grayish. Auteinia? ferruginous, except the latter portion of the third joint, which
is black. Thorax with a very ftxint grayish median stripe enclosed between two gray lines,
interrupted before the middle of the dorsum ; the latter is clothed with short, grayish-white
hairs. On each side of the thoraXj between the root of the wings and the head, there is a
conspicuous tuft of yellowish-ferruginous hairs, characteristic of the species. Abdomen uni-
formly black, clothed with a short, appressed grayish-white pubescence, which in well pre-
served specimens forms faint triangles in the middle of the second and third segments. Legs
black, the four posterior tarsi witli the first joint paler, except at tip ; the following joints
sometimes show a trace of the same pale color at the root. Wings : apex hyaline ; the cross-
band does not quite reach the posterior margin, but extends, although in a paler shade, into
the fifth posterior cell ; two basal cells filled out with brown up to the middle, or a little be-
yond ; anal angle and a portion of the anal cell tinged with gray ; the whitish halo along the
distal margin of the crossband is distinct.

Hah. Not rare in the Middle States ; occurs also in Massachusetts. Eight females.

In many respects C. celer is very like C. mitls, but is easily distinguished by the tufts of
ferruginous hairs on the thorax. The facial callosities of C. mitis are larger, the picture of
the wings usually not quite as dark, etc. ^

6. Chrysops sordidus n. sp.

Ckrijaops niger Walker (nee Macquart), List, etc., I, p. "JOi.

Q . Apex of the wings subhyaline; seeoml basal cell nearly hyaline, being infuscated at the proximal end
only; an ineijiieut apical spot in the shape of a faint cloud along the costa ; abdominal segments on the
posterior margins witii narrow gray borders, and with small gray triangles in the middle ; tirst and second
seo-meuts with small yellow spots on the sides.
Length, 9-10 mm.

Fein'de. Frontal and facial callosities, and the yellowish-gray or grayish-yellow pohen
aromrd them the same as usual in this group. Antenna) lilack, first joint reddish, except
the tip (in some specimens the red is hardly perceptible). Thorax with a broad, Init faint,
grayish stripe, reaching beyond the middle and divided longitudinally l)y a faint blackish
line ; the lines which enclose it 9n the sides are Ijlackish (and not gray or yeHowish, as in C.
mitls, excitans, etc.). Thoracic dorsum clothed with yellowish-gray hairs ; tufts of longer

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 377

and denser yellow, sometimes almost fulvous liairs near the root of the wings and on the
upper part of the j^leurce. Abdomen black ; first and second segments more or less yellow-
ish on the sides ; all the segments, except the first, with a narrow gray border posteriorly,
which expands into a distinct triangle on the first two segments, and a less distinct one
on the third. In well preserved specimens these gray margins and triangles are clothed
with a golden-yellow pubescence. On the venter the segments are covered with gray
pollen posteriorly, and clothed with yellowish hairs. T^egs black, the brownish color at the
root of the four posterior tarsi hardly jjerceptible. Wings : general coloring of the hya-
line portion dingy grayish ; the brown j^ortions but moderately dark ; costal cells brown,
first basal cell infuscated on its proximal half; second basal cell almost hyaline, except its
extreme proximal end ; fifth longitudinal vein more or less clouded with brownish, which, in
some specimens, forms a distinct border inside of the second basal cell ; the crossband does
not reach the posterior margin, and fills obliquely the proximal half of the fourth posterior
cell ; a pale Ijrown cloud fills the proximal end of the liftli posterior cell. The space along
the costa between the crossband and the tip of the wing is faintly tinged with broAvn.
The halo along the distal margin of the crossband is indistinct, although the apical portion of
the wing is rather grayish.

Hah. White Mountains, N. II. Nine female specimens. The yellow color on the sides
of the abdomen has more or less extent in different specimens ; sometimes it is confined to
the anterior corners of the second segment and is hardly perceptible on the first ; such spec-
imens have the first antennal joints almost black. On the average, the yellow on the abdo-
men has much less extent than in C. excltans, and only extreme cases in both species show
any approach to each other. C sordldufi is easily distinguished from all the preceding spe-
cies by the gray posterior margins of the abdominal segments. Although the hairs upon
them can be rubbed off, the gray margins and triangles remain, which is not the case in the
other species of this group. (Only the triangle on the second segment in C. excitans, and
perhaps in C. niitls, shows the same permanence.)

Mr. Walker's description of Chrysops nigcr is based on specimens of the present species,
as the description of the abdomen undoubteiUy proves.

7. Chiysops niger.

Chri/sops nigcr Macqunrt, Di]it. Exot., I, 1, IGl, 10.
? Chrysops carhonarius Walker, List, etc., I, p. 203, Variet. j3.

$ . Apex of tlie wings hyaline ; seroml basal cell altogether hyaline; face ferruginous in the middle.
Length, 6^-8 mm.

Female. The black, shining facial callosities are separated by a large, shining, yellowish-
ferruginous spot extending from the antenna) down to the mouth ; the black, shining cheeks
are separated from the callosities above them by the usual stripe of fulvous pollen ; the
pollen on the front is grayish-yellow. Antenna3 : first joint reddish, often blackish at tip ;
second, blackish, mixed with reddish; third, black, reddish at base. Thorax with a broad
greenish-gray pollinose stripe in the middle, divided longitudinally by a blackish line ; its
sides are more distinctly gray, assuming the appearance of two gray lines ; on each side of

MEMOIRS BOST, SOC. XAT. HIST. VOL. 11. 95

0/

C. 11. OSTEN SAC'KEN'S PRODROME

the (lor^jum. a ^ravish strino. followed l)va black one, between the root of the wintrs and the
humeri ; on the i)leur;v a gray stripe, beset with long, yellowish hairs, is followed by a black
one, and then by a second gray stripe extending posteriorly over the base of the abdomen.
Abdomen black, with short, appressed grayish hairs. Legs black, first two joints of tl>e four
posterior tarsi livid, black at tip ; sometimes the middle and hind tibite have a reddish tinge
at the root. Wings : second basal cell and fifth posterior cell Inaline, so that the crossband
is bounded postei'iorly by the intercalary vein; there is a hyaline spot just before the distal
end of the first basal cell (a vestige of the larger spot existing here in the other species of
the grouj)) ; the crossband almost touches the jjosterior margin, the extent of the interven-
ing space not Cjuite constant in different specimens ; apex hyaline.

II/(b. Middle and Northern States and British Possessions ; not rare. In some speci-
mens there is a paler streak in the fourth posterior cell, by the side of the intercalary vein ;
in others, a faint brownish tinge appears in the fifth jjosterior cell ; or also on the margin at
the tip of the fifth and sixth veins ; sometimes there is a pale brown, very small cloud at
the base of the fork of the third longitudinal vein.

I have a specimen from Illinois in which the first basal cell is almost entirely hyaline,
showing only a trace of a Ijrownish tinge on its proximal half. The specimen is a fully ma-
tured one, and otherwise normally colored. Until further evidence, I incline to think that it
represents only an accidental aberration.

C. niger in several respects forms the passage to the next group. Its ferruginous face and
the distinct longitudinal black stripes on the pleurae foreshadow the coloring of that group.

The mention of " face fauve " by Maccpiart, and the description of the wings, seems to
render the identification of this species certain, although the measurement given, five lines
(about 11 mm.), is too large for this species.

Mr. Walker's description of G. niger (list, etc., I, p. 202) is principally based on speci-
mens of C sordldus. Ilis C carboiiarlus, var. ^ (evidently a different species from his
type) seems to belong to the present species.

Ij. The apical portion of the wing, l>eyond the crossband, is more or less tinged with
browii, either in the shape of a distinct brown border along the costa, or of a separate api-
cal spot.

8. Chrysops aestuans.

Chnjsops w»tuans v. der Wulp, Tijaselir. v. Eiit., 2 Scr. II, p. 13.5 ; Tab. Ill, f. 8, 9.

? Ohri/so2)s rnoerens Walker, List, etc., I, p. 201.

$ . Apical spot confined to ,1 foiut and narrow infiiscation along the costa ; both basal cells hyalhie ; halo
along the crossband very distinct; the ends of the A-shaped black spot on the second abdominal segment ex-
pand into small black triangles on the posterior margin.

Length, 10 mm.

Female. Face, including the facial callosities, and cheeks yellowish-ferruginons, shining ;
facial orbits and the usual stripe between face and cheeks, powdered with yellowish-gray
pollen ; front covered with the same pollen, except the black frontal callosity and a blackish
space on the vertex. Two basal joints of the antennae ferruginous, clothed with black hair ;
third joint blackish, ferruginous at base. Palpi variable in color, reddish or brownish, red-

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 379

disli at base. Thorax black ; a broad, glaucous intermediate stripe is divided in two by a
black longitudinal line ; on each side a glaucous-grayish stripe runs above the root of the
wings, from the scutellum to the humerus ; a blackish strij^e separates it from the glaucous-
grayish pleurse ; the latter glaucous-grayish, with a black stripe. Scutellum blackish. Ab-
domen black; first two segments pale grayish-yellow (livid) on the sides, black in the mid-
dle ; the Ijlack on the second segment has somewhat the shape of a A, the middle triangle
of this f5o;ure being of the same color as the sides of the abdomen ; both ends of this fif^ure
expand laterally in the shape of small Ijlack triangles, resting upon the hind margin of the
segment ; the following segments are black, with a narrow gray posterior border, expanding
into a triangle, with two adjacent gray marks ; these triangles and marks are especially vis-
ible on segments 3-5. Wings : root, costal cells and crossband brown ; beyond the cross-
band a narrow pale brownish cloud along the costa nearly reaches the tip of the wing ;
the crossband does not reach the posterior margin, the distal end of the fourth posterior
cell being colorless, the last section of the fifth vein enveloped in a brownish cloud, con-
nected with the crossband across the proximal end of the fifth posterior cell ; the apex of
the wing is grayish, with a very distinct whitish halo between it and the crossband ; similarly,
a brownish shadow in the anal angle of the wing renders more apparent the whitish-hyaline
tinge of the two basal and of the proximal end of the anal cell. Legs variable in coloring ;
either red, tips of front and hind tibia?, front tarsi, and last four joints of the four posterior
tarsi, blackish ; or black, bases of middle tiljia? and of the four posterior tarsi, reddish ; with
all the intermediate stages.

Hob. Red River of the North (Kennicott) ; Illinois (LeBaron) ; Wisconsin (v. d.
Wulp) ; Dacota (Dr. Coues).

The extent of tlie yellow color on the abdomen is variable in this species. I have a spec-
imen before me ( Red River of the North ) where the small black triangles on the second
segment have their apex prolongetl so as to meet the black on the corresponding side of
the first segment. In another specimen (Illinois) with very dark legs, the yellow on the sides
of the abdomen is replaced by a glaucous-gray, the black design of the first two segments
being the normal one.

Mr. van der Wulp's description and figure are excellent, and refer to the variety with
the darker feet. Mr. Walker's description is very mcomplete, and is rendered still more
doubtfid by the locality (Nova Scotia) ; all the specimens of C. cestuans hitherto received
come from the Northwest.

9. Chi-ysops callidvis n. sp.

? . Apical spot in the shape of a narrow linear brown border along the costa; both basal icells hyaline ;
(liscal cell filled out with brown ; no small black triangle on each side of tlie A-shaped black spot on the sec-
ond abdominal segment.

c5 . Wings as in the $ , but both basal cells infuscated, with a common hyaline spot at the distal end.

Length, 8-9 mm.

Female. Head, antenute and picture of the thorax as in C cesfiicms ; the lateral strijDCs
on the thorax and the pleunx; are more yellowish than glaucous ; palpi more reddish. Ab-
domen black ; first two segments pale yellow on the sides, black in the middle ; the black

3S0 <-'• !'• OSTEN SACKEN'S PllODROME

on the second segment has tlie shape of a A, the triaiigle encompassed Ijy this figure hemg
of the same color as the skies of the abdomen ; the ends of this figure are sometimes (not
always) prolonged laterally, along the hind margin, without expanding into small black tri-
angles ; segments 3 and 4 are black or brown, with yellow hind margins, expanding into
triangles in the middle ; on the black, a yellow spot is often perceptible on each side ; in
some specimens the whole of the segments 3 and 4 are yellow, except a double obtriangu-
lar spot in the middle, and a small dot, each side, near the anterior margin ; segments 5-7
black or brown, with yellow hind margins. Venter yellow at base, blackish at tip ; seg-
ments 3 and 4 often with blackish spottj in the middle. Legs variable in coloring ; either
the i)revailing color is jrellowish-red. with the tips of front femora, front tibite, the whole
hind femora and all the tarsi, except the base, black ; or the pi-evailing color is black, with
the middle tibi«, the bases of front and hind tibia?, and base of the tarsi, reddish. The
description of the wings of C. (estuans applies to this species, with the following differ-
ences ; the narrow brown border ahmg the costa, between the crossband and the apex, is of
the same shade of brown as the crossljand and of the same breadth as the costal border
between the crossband and the root of the wing ; it reaches a little beyond the anterior
branch of the fork of the third vein ; the gray shade of the apical portion of the wing is
much fainter, and hence the white halo along the crossband less distinct ; the fourth pos-
terior cell is almost filled out with brown, so tliat the end of the crossband is much nearer
the posterior margin of the wing.

Ilab. New Jersey; Delaware; Connecticut; Detroit, Mich. (H.G.Hubbard); Illinois
(LeBaron). Eleven female specimens. The smaller size, the dark, well defined jjrown
border between crossband and apex, the absence of the black triangles encroaching upon
the yellow of the second segment, the yellow and not gray, hind border of the abdominal
segments, easily distinguish the female of this species from the preceding.

Male. Two male specimens (Pennsylvania and New York) which I possess, belong, I
have no doubt, to this species. The picture of the wings, especially the brown border
between the crossband and the apex, is like that of C. callidus, only the two basal cells
are filled out with brown up to their distal third, which is hyaline. The brown of the ba-
sal cells coalesces with the brown cloud, enveloping the last section of the fifth longitudi-
nal vein. The facial callosities are brownish, the middle of the face reddish. Antennie
black. The coloring of the thorax is darker, the stripes less conspicuous. The sides of
the abdomen are reddish-yellow, which color, in one of the specimens, extends to the third
segment ; the yellow triangles on the hind margins of the segments seem a little smaller,
but the characteristic yellow hind margins are very distinct, and somewhat broader than in
the female. The yellow dots on the back of the third segment are very jjlain in one of the
specimens ; in the other, yellow marks are visible on the fourth segment.

10. Chiysops delicatulus ii. sp.

$ . Ajiiciil spot in the shnpe of a narrow linear brown border along tlie costa, attenuated at tlie distal end
of the stigma; both basal cells hyaline; discal cell almost hj'aline; the A-shaped black spot on the second
segment broail in its outline ; facial callosities and cheeks black.

Leniith, 6.5-7.5 mm.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 381

Female. Facial callosities and checks Ijlack, tlie upper part of the former somewhat
brownish ; midtlle portion of the face dark ferruginous ; the usual pollen on the face and
around the black frontal callosity, gray. Antenna? black, first joint pale reddish. Thorax
with a broad glaucous middle stripe, divided longitudinally by a black line ; grayish glau-
cous lateral stripes; pleura? likewise grayish-glaucous, with the usual blackish stripes. The
first two abdominal segments are pale yellow on the sides ; the black on the first segment
occupies the whole base of the segment (and not the middle only, as in C. calUdits); the
A-shaped black spot on the second segment is rather broad in its outline, and its ends, pro-
longed alons: the hind margin, are as broad as the main bodv of the fi<i:ure (in C. caUidus
they are usualh' nai'rower) ; they" do not reach the lateral margin ; the yellow triangle en-
closed in the A-shaped spot is somewhat smaJler than in C. caUuhis. The other abdominal
segments are black, with narrow yellowish-gray margins, two or three of which expand into
triangles. Legs black ; Ijase of front tibia?, the major part of the middle tibia> and roots of
the four posterior tarsi reddish-brown. Wings : costal cell, cro.ssband and a narrow costal
border beyond, broAvn ; the crossband is rather narrow and attenuated posteriorly ; its distal
margin is very straight ; its proximal side does not fill out the proximal half of the discal
cell, which is hyaline ; a part of the fourth posterior cell is also hyaline ; a brown cloud on the
last section of the fifth vein ; otherwise the fifth posterior cell likewise hyaline ; the l)rown
border along the costa, between the crossband and the aj^ex, is but little broader than the
infuscated costal cell between the crossband and the root of the wing, and is narrowed at its
origin from the crossband, where a subhj-aline indentation almost severs it from the cross-
band the fifth longitudinal vein before the crossvein is yellow.

Mab. North Conway, N. II., where I caught two females of this handsome species in
the middle of August, 1874.

The smaller size, the coloring of the face and the j^eculiar picture of the wings easily dis-
tinguish this species from the two preceding ones.

11. Chiysops pudicus n. sji.

5 . Apical spot connected with tlic crossband, the hyaline triangle between them not crossing the second
lonu'itndinal vein: the apical spot invades but a small portion of the second submargin.al cell; both basal
cells, (excei)t at their extreme proxini:;l end), hyaline ; frontal callosity reddish ; first and second abdominal
segments yellow on the sides; the black on the second segment A-shajied.

Lengtli, 8 mm.

Female. Face, including the callosities, j^ellowish-ferruginous ; palpi reddish-yellow ;
antenna? : first two joints and base of third reddish, the remainder black ; front with a
grayish pollen ; frontal callosity reddish, usually with a black margin aboA^e. Thorax with
the usual stripes, glaucous above, grayish-yellow on the pleui\"v?. Abdomen : two first seg-
ments yellow ; the first with a black spot in the middle, the second with a stout A-shaped
black spot, not confluent with the first ; in some specimens the ends of the A-shaped spot
reach the hind margin of the second segment and expand beside it, in others they
are separated from the margin by a 3'ellow border. The third and fourth segments are
yellow, with a large transverse black spot in tlie middle, encroached upon by the triangular
enlargement of the yellow hind margin ; the relative extent of the black and the yellow

MEMOIRS BOST. SOC. XAT. HIST. TOL. n. 90

382 C. R. OSTEX SACKEN'S PRODllOME

are somcAvliat varialjle. The following segments arc Ijlack, -with yellow sides and posterior
margins. Venter yellowish at the Ixise, black at the end, the relative extent of Ijoth
colors beino" variable. Legs : nrevailinii: color reddish, with more or less brown at the Ijase
of the hind femora, the tip of the hind tibia? and the ends of the fom- posterior tarsi, the
latter half of the front tibiii} and the front tarsi brown, ^yings : costal cell infuscated, the
brown also occupying the proximal third of the first basal cell and encroaching very
slightly upon the second ; crossband limited posteriorly l:)y the intercalary A'ein, but filling
out the fourth posterior cell and thus reaching the hind margin; last section of the fifth
vein enveloped in a brownish cloud ; the interval between this cloud and the crossband is
hvaline. The hyaline triangle, separating the crossband from the apical spot does not
reach anteriorly bejond the second longitudinal vein ; thus the apical spot coalesces with
the crossband within the marginal cell ; posteriorly, the apical spot reaches a little Ijeyoud
the apex of the wing.

Hah. Massachusetts (Beverly, Caraljridge, etc.,) collected by Messrs. Burgess and San-
born ; three females. A fourth female specimen, belonging to the Entomol. >Soc., Philad.,
therefore pro1)al:)ly from the Middle States, agi'ees in all particidars with the others.

Observation. Two female specimens (Illinois and Eed River of the North, by R. Ken-
nicott), which I have before me, differ in some particulars from the topical specimens of C
2nt(Uriis. The crossl^and docs not reach the hind margin, a considerable portion of the
fourth posterior cell not being filled out with bi'own ; the apical spot is somewhat narrower,
thj cloud on the last section of the fifth vein communicates with the crossband across the
base of the iiftli posterior cell ; the apex of the A-shaped spot on the second abdominal
segment coalesces with the black on the iirst segment, etc. This is probably a distinct spc-

cies

12. Chrysops montanus n. sp.

2. A])ie;il spot eonncc-tt'(l with llie erosNbaiid, liyalinu tvianu'le between tliem not crossing the second lon-
gituilinal vein; bolli basal cells nearly hyaline, anil only .1 litllo infuscated at tlie proximal end; frontal
calldsity black ; facial tubercles yellowish-ferruginous; third and fourth abdominal segments with four black
longitmlinnl spots, alternating with yellow ones.

Length, 8 nun.

Feni'de. Face (including the facial callosities), yellowish-ferruginous; palpi redciish-
vellow ; antenna^ : first two joints reddish, the second mixed with Ijlack ; -both beset with
black hairs ; third joint lilack, somewhat reddish at the base. Frontal callosity black ; front
with vellowish-o-rav iiollcn. Thorax with the usual strii)es, the intermediate one with a
slightly more jellowish tinge than in C. ruham , the lateral ones yellow. Abdomen : first
two segments yellow; the first with a Ijlackish spot in the middle, under the scutellum ;
the second with a A-shaped Idack spot, both branches of which are less divaricate than in
C. ruhens ; in my three specimens this spot does not coalesce anteriorly with the spot of
the first segment ; the third segment shows four longitudinal black spots on yellow ground ;
the intermediate pair, which is the broader, is connected anteriorly, with the branches of
the A-shaped spot, and posteriorly, with similar spots on the fourth segment ; the lateral
spots of the third segment are continued only posteriorly by similar spots in the next seg-

OF THE TABANID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 383

meat ; four Ijlack longitudinal stripes are thus formed, interrupted only Ijj- the very narrow
posterior margins ; these stripes are also continued on the fifth segment, but the black here
prevails to such a degree that only faint traces of yellow are left between the black spots ;
the fifth segment thus appears nearly black or Ijrown, with a yellow, more or less jagged,
posterior margin ; the same may be said of the sixth segment. '\"enter yellow ; seo-ments
3 and 4 with black lines on the sides ; the last segments Ijlackish, with yellow margins.
Legs reddish ; the front pair has the second half of tibia\ and the whole tarsi, the middle
pair has the coxa;, root of femora, knees and tips of tarsi, the liind pair the femora, except
a pale ring before the knees, the latter part of the tibia? and the tips of tarsi, black ; hind
tibiie beset with black hairs. "Wings : both basal cells hyaline, the brown color not occupy-
ing more than one-third of the first basal cell and hardly encroaching upon the second ;
cvossband fdling out the fourth posterior cell : the l>rown cloud, enveloping the last section
of the lifth vein, communicates more or less Avith the crossljand across the fifth posterior
cell ; the hyaline triangle between the crossband and the apical spot does not cross over
the second longitudinal vein, although opposite its apex, at the end of the stigma, a small
subhyaline dot is visible ; the apical spot is like that of the preceding species, only it occu-
pies a larger portion of the second submarginal cell.

Hah. Catskill Mountain House, N. Y., Julv, 1874. Two females; a third one, from Oo-le
Co., Illin., has the yellow on the abdomen more extensive in comparison to the black ; on
the legs, the red prevails to a greater extent, the hind femora being of tliat color. There
is hardly anj- dillerence between this .species and C. inuJkus in the coloring of the wings,
except that the apical spot is somewhat larger.

13. Clirysops Indus n. sp.

?. Tiic .aiiic:il spot fills out tlic ninriiin:il niul first subiiiarginal colls and invades .1 portion of the second
Bubmarginal; the crossband does not quite reach the jiosterior margin, but expands somewhat towards the anal
angle; first basal cell almost filled out with brown, the second infnseate<l at the proximal end only. Face and
facial callosities ferruginous; abdomen wltii yellow sides and yellow triangles in the middle.
Length, 8-10 mm.

Female. Face, including the cheeks, altogether ferruginous ; only the pits existing
under the facial callosities arc brown ; the stripes of pollen, separating the cheeks, and
clothing the facial orbit, are ftilvous ; frontal callosity and space aroinid the ocelli, black ;
pollen on the front, graj-ish. Antenna^ : first joint red, the second and base of the third
more or less tinged with reddish, the remainder black. Tltorax black, with the usual
stripes : a grayish median stripe, margined with more distinct gray lines on each side and
with a blackish longitudinal line iit the middle ; a pair of greenish-yellow lateral stripes,
passing above the root of the wings ; a broad brown stripe between the root of the wings
and the htnnerus ; pleura? yellowish-gra}-, Avith yellowish hairs and a brown stripe in the
middle. Abdomen yellow ; first and second segments each with a square black spot in the
middle, coalescent along the hind margin of the first segment ; the sjiot on the second seg-
ment bears, on the hind margin, a large yellow triangle (a faint trace of a similar, but much
smaller, triangle, is percej^tible on the black spot of the first segment) ; the third and
fourth segments arc black, each with a narrow posterior margin, broad lateral margins, and

384 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

a triangle in tho miilcllo, yellow ; an indistinct yellowish streak runs, on each side, from the
anterior margin of the segment, inside of the black, and does not reach the middle of the
segment ; the fifth and the following segments are black, with yellow hind margins ;
on the fifth the vestige of a triangle. Venter yellow ; blackish longitudinal lines on each
side of segments 2-4 ; the following segments black, with yellow margins. Legs ferrugi-
nous ; latter half of front tibiae and the front tarsi, Ijlack ; ends of the four posterior tarsi,
tips of hind femora and tibiae, blackish. Wings : costal and first basal cells, the latter
except a small hyaline square at its distal end, dark Ijrown ; the proximal end of the
second basal cell contains a Ijrown streak, not quite reaching tlie middle of the cell ; the
dark brown crossliand does not touch the hind margin, a small space at the end. of the
fourth posterior cell being hyaline; the fifth posterior cell (excej^t both its ends) and the
end of the anal cell, are also infuscated; a faint brown tinge spreads across the anal -angle ;
the apical spot is coalescent with the crossband, marginal and first snbmarginal cells being
filled out with Ijrown ; the second submarginal cell is encroached upon by a brown cloud on
its anterior half only ; a trace of a whitish halo on the distal margin of the crossband.

Hah. Two female specimens, the one from Cayuga Lake, N. Y. (J. H. Comstock), the
other from Montreal (Wm. Cooper), agree in all the above described characters.

This species is very like C. jnidtcus, montauns, h'daris, etc., in its general appearance and
somewhat in the coloring of its aljdomen ; but it is easily distinguished by the coloring of
its wings, as in all the above named species the first Ijasal cell is nearly hyaline and the
first submarginal cell contains a hyaline space, separating the brown crossband from the
apical spot. In C. siriahis the hyaline spot at the end of the first basal cell is much
smaller, the crossband stops short at the intercalary vein, the picture of the abdomen is
altogether dilTerent, etc.

14. Chrysops frigidus u. sj).

5 . The npical spot tills out the innigin:il ami first submarginal cells, ami invades a portion of the second
suliinargiiial ; the crossbaii'l does not reach the posterior margin, l)Ut expands toward tlie anal angle; basal
cells int'nseated on their proximal half; face s-liining black, with the usual strijies of yellow pollen ; r.bdomen
black, sides of the two basal segments yellow.
Length, 7-S mm.

3 . The brown color in the basal cells occupies more space; abdomen reddish-yellow, each segment with a
black spot in the middle; three last segments black.

Female. Facial callosities Ijlack, shining, prolonged anteriorly ami meeting above the
mouth ; between them a stripe of yellowish-gray pollen ; cheeks l:)lack, shining, separated
from the facitil callosities by broader stripes of the same pollen. Front clothed with grayish
pollen; frontal callosity and space aroinid the ocelli, black. Antennre black, the first two
joints more or less tinged with I'cddish ; first joint comparatively stout. Thorax blackish,
clothed with yellowish hairs, especitdly on the sides of the dorsum and on the plenras ; a
broad median greenish-gray stripe, brownish in the middle, lateral greenish-gray stripes be-
tween the humeri and the sctitellum ; a brown stripe between the humeri and the roots of
the wings ; pleune yellowish-gray, with yellow hairs and a blackish stripe in the middle.
Abdomen black, sides of the two first segments reddish, leaving on the second segment a

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 385

more or less trapezoidal black spot in the middle ; on the hind margin of the second seg-
ment, in the middle of this black spot, a gray triangle is visible; the following segments
are black, with similar gray triangles in the middle (often very faint); hind margins of the
segments grayish, becoming j^ellowish on the sides. In well preserved specimens the
gray triangles and the hind margins are beset with a golden-yellow pubescence. In
some specimens the reddish color on the first two segments occupies much more space, the
extent of the black color being smaller in consequence ; in such cases the third and fourth
segments also show some reddish on the sides. Venter jellowisli at the base, with more or
less black in the middle; the latter half black; hind margins of the segments paler. Legs
very variable in coloring, the -Ijlack color prevailing in some specimens, the red in others.
Wino-s : root, costal cells, proximal half of both basal cells, In'own ; the crossband does
not reach the posterior margin, the distal end of the fourth posterior cell l^eing more or less
h^^aline ; the crossband is not limited posteriorly by the intercalary vein, but fills out more
or less the proximal end of the fifth posterior and the distal end of the anal cell, where it
is fainter ; it even extends, but as a very faint gray tinge, into the anal angle ; the apical
spot is coalescent with the crossband in tiie marginal and first suljmarginal cells, which are
completely filled out with Ijrown ; the second submarginal cell is brownish on its anterior
half only.

Male. The thorax is more yellowish hairy, and its stripes less apparent; the abdomen is
reddish-yellow ; segments 1-4 with black spots in the middle, which are broader in front
than behind ; they do not reach the hind margins, except the spot on the first segment,
which coalesces with that on the second ; segments 5-7 black, with the hind margins yellow.
Venter yellow ; first two segments with black spots in the middle ; segments .3 and 4 with a
transverse blackish crossband, abbreviated on both sides; segments 5-7 black, w'itli yellow
hind margins. Wings as in the female, only the hyaline space at the distal end of both
basal cells is smaller, and the prolongation of the crossband in the fifth posterior and anal
cells darker.

I have befoi'e me two male specimens from Massachusetts, which I can only refer to this
species, although I have not a single female from this state. ^

Hub. Great Slave Lake and Northwestern Regions of the British Possessions (R. Kenni-
cott); Saskatchewan (Scudder); Quel)eck (Belanger); Sharon Springs, New York. Five fe-
males. Two hj-pothetical males from Massachusetts.

Among all the CJirt/sojJs with an apical spot on the wings, this species is the only one
Avhich is not marked with ferruginous in the middle of the face ; the coloring of the face
here is exactly similar to that of the species of the group A ; in its general appearance, it
reminds one of the species of that group. This character renders its recognition very easy.

15. Clirysops flavidus.

Chrysops flavklus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., i, 105, .5. Auss. Zweiil., i, [). 199, 7.
? Chrx/sops canifrons Walker, List, etc., i, p. 197.
9 . The hyaline triangle separating the crossband from the apical spot, almost readies the second longi-

MEMOIRS BOST. SOC. i'AT. HIST. VOL. II. 9T

3S6 C. n. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

tmlinal vein; basal cells iiifuscatcd nt the iiroximal ends cnly; Lody aUogellicr Lrowni^li-ycllo^v, .■ibdonicn
browiiisli above, with yellowish hind margins and triangles; lliorax Avith three pale brown dorsal stripes.

Length, 9-10 nun.

$ . In all respects, excejit the sexual characters, similar to the fcm:\lc.

Length, 8 mm.

Female. Altogether l.)rowni^;li-yellow ; face yellowish-ferruginous, including the Atcial
callosities and cheeks; frontal callosity yelloAvish-red ; pollen rotuul the antennae and on the
facial orbits yellowish-Avhite ; on the front more yellowish. Antenna^: first two joints yel-
lowish, beset with black hair ; third joint comiiaratively short, reddish, its latter half dark
brown. On the brownish-yellow, in some specimens grayish ground-color of the thorax,
there are three brown dorsal stripes, the intermediate one narrower, linear; other brown
stripes betw'een the roots of the wings and the lumieri and in the middle of the pleur;e ;
pectus Ijrown. Scutellum ^-ellowish-brown, often with a grayish tinge at the basis or on the
sides. Abdomen pale brownish ; first segment and base of the second yellowish, leaving a
broad, subtriangular brownish spot, which occupies the whole posterior half of the second
seo-ment; a yellowish triangle in the middle of the hind margin; the following segments
have more or less broad, jellow, hind margins expanding into pale jellow triangles in the
middle ; in some specimens, -where the brown is more saturate, the yellow' hind margin
emits on each side of the triangle an oblique yellow streak, traversing the brown ; the
intensity and distinctness of the coloring of the abdomen is very variable. Feet reddish-
yellow, end of front tibia?, front tarsi and the ends of all the other tarsi, brownish. Ilal-
teres brownish-yellow. The picture of the Avings varies from pale brown to brown ; the
costal cells and the stigma are yellowish-brown; the two basal cells are infuscated on the
proximal half; the first more than the second ; the crossljand touches the hind margin and
fills out the fourth posterior cell ; the last section of the fifth vein is enveloped in a brown
cloud, which partly fills out the distal end of the anal cell, and also communicates with the
crossband across the proximal half of the fifth posterior cell ; the distal half of the anal
ano-le has a grayish tinge ; its proximal half and those portions of the anal cell and of the
basal cells, which are not infuscated, are whitish hyaline; the apical spot is coalescent with
the crossband in the marginal and on the anterior portion of the first submarginal cell; it
does not reach beyond the anterior half of the second submarginal cell ; the triangular
hyaline space between the crossband and the apical spot is more or less tinged with gray in
different specimens ; the more gra}' it is, the more the whitish halo along the margin of the
cros.sband becomes apparent.

3Iah. Except in the usual sexual characters, it does not differ from the female.

Hah. Newport, R. I., in August; Maryland (Uhler); British America (Scudder). I
caught the male in Central Park, N. Y., Sept. 6, 18G9. Seven females and one male.

Wiedemann's synonymy seems certain ; Walker's is probable, although doubtfid ; some
omission must have occurred in his description of the frontal callosity and of the anten-
na;. I have mentioned tibove, in the introductory paragraph, that the coloring of the eyes
of this species, in living specimens, differs from the type of coloring which prevails in
the genus Chrysops. The anal cell is broadly open in most specimens ; in one of mine,
however, it is closed.

OF THE TABANIDJ5 OF THE UNITED STATES. 387

16. C'hi-ysop.s univlttatus.

Chnjsops icniviltatiis M.icqiiart, Dipt. Exot.. 5" Sup])!., p. .30.
? C/iri/sops fascipennis Macqiiart, Ilisl. Nat. Dipt., i, p. 210.

$ . The liy.aline interval between tlie crossband and the ajiicnl spot docs not roacli the second longitudin.al
vein; first basal cell altogether infascated, the second almost hyaline; apical spot large, invading the first
posterior cell; a broad yellow longitndin.al .stripe in the middle of the abdomen, enclosed between two brown
stripes; tip of the scutellum more or less reddish.
Length 0-7 mm.
S . A considerable portion of the second basal cell is infiiscatcd.

Female. Face ferruginous, facial callosities often Ijrownish ; frontal callo.'^ity large, Ijlack.
Antennna : basal joints and base of the third joint reddish, the remainder black. Thorax
with the usual stripes; the median stripe greenish-gray, divided l)y a brown longitudinal
line ; the lateral ones yellow. Scutellum blackish at base, reddish at tip, the extent of
both colors being variable. Abdomen yellow ; a broad yellow stripe extends from the
base nearly to the tip ; it is bounded on l:)oth sides by brown stripes, which usually become
much broader on the third and following segments ; the tip of the al^domen is altogether
brown ; venter yellow, with a broad brown middle stripe, attenuated anteriorly, and narrow
lateral brown lines. Legs reddish ; latter half of front tibiti? and the front tarsi black ; tips
of the other tarsi Ijrownish. Wings : costal and first basal cells l)rown ; crossljand limited
posteriorly by the intercalary vein and fdling out the fourth posterior cell ; apical spot
large, reaching the second posterior cell and separated from the crossband Ijy an elongated
hyaline space, very irregidar and jagged on its distal side, and having its apex innnediately
above the proximal end of the second submarginal cell ; there is a distinct brown cloud at
the distal end of the anal cell, on the margin of the wing; fifth posterior cell usually hy-
aline; second basal cell with a brown streak on its proximal half.

Ilab. District Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, Connecticut, Kentucky (F. G. Sanborn).
Eleven females.

A male, apparently belonging to this species (Tarrytown, N. Y., in June), has all the
characters of the female, except that the thorax is more brownish and hairy ; the brown
stripes on the abdomen are not expanded posteriori}' ; and the brown color in the second
basal cell is more extensive. The identity of this species with ]\Iacquart's C univlttatus
can hardly be called in doubt.

C.fascijjeiinis Macq., Hist. Nat. Dipt., i, p. 21G, is certainly one of the common species
of the genus, but the shortness of the description renders the identification impossible. As
far as it goes, the description reminds one of C. unhjlttatus Macq., more than of any other
species, especially if we take into account the statement about the small size of the species
(3|- 1 ). Macquart has, more than once, described his own species a second time.

17. Chrysops moechus n. sp.

S. Apical spot altogctlior coalescent with the crossband, the hyaline triangle between them being small,
included witliin llie third and (ourth jiosterior cells; abdomen yellow, with more or less broad brown stripes;
scutelluin more or less yellowish.

,;' . Body altogetjier bhiclc, tiiorax with greenish-yellow lateral and pleural stripes; wings altogether

388 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

lirown, except tlie rinnl angle, wlileh is grayish, tlie hyaline tiiangle near the apex, anil some hyaline spots in
the tilth ])osterior cell.
Lengtli, 7-8 mm.

Female. Fiice, including- the callosities, ycllowisli-ferrnginoiis ; front Leset Avitli 3'ellow-
ish-gray pollen, frontal callositj' blacl^ ; antenna^ : liasal two joints reddish, the third black,
reddish at base ; palpi brownish-red. Thorax blackish, with the nsual broad grayish me-
dian stripe, divided by a longitndinal black line ; lateral stripes (between the scntelhim and
the humeri) yehow ; a Ijrown stripe separates the thoracic dorsum from the [ileura-^ ; the
latter with two }ellow stripes, separated Ijy a dark one. Scntellum reddish, with a blackish
spot at the l^ase. which, in some cases, extends as a stripe to the apex, leaving onl}^ a yel-
low spot on each side of the scutellum. Abdomen yellow, with four longitudinal black
stripes of very varialjle breadth ; in some specimens the intermediate pair of stripes con-
sists of a series of disconnected blackish sjiots on segments 2-5. the lateral pair being obso-
lete ; in other specimens the stripes are continous and liroader, the lateral pair beginning
sometimes on the second, sometimes only on the third, segment; (the picture of the abdo-
men is very like that of C. viffahis); the two or three last segments are usually blackish;
venter yellow anteriorly, Ijlackish posteriorly. Legs reddish, latter half of front tibite and
front tarsi, black ; tips of the other tarsi and, in some specimens, a considei-able portion of
the hind femora, l)lack. Wings jjrown ; second basal, anal, and fifth posterior cells, anal
angle and a triangle on the hind margin, within the second and third posterior cells, hy-
aline ; a brown clond on the last section of the fifth vein.

Male. Face yellow, lateral callosities and cheeks black, shining; facial orbits and the
stripe separating the cheeks from the callosities, are covered with a pale fulvous pollen ;
palpi black ; antennae black, first joint once and a half as long as the second. Thorax
Ijlack, with black hairs ; on each side of the dorsum, above the root of the wings, between
the humeri and the scutellum, there is a distinct stripe of pollen, with an almost metallic
greenish lustre, appearing yellowish in a difierent light; the nsual median stripe on the dor-
sum shows a similar metallic greenish lustre, but darker and without yellow admixture ; (it
is almost invisible, unless the light falls oljliqueh' from the side of the abdomen and is
easily lost in worn specimens); a shade of the same pollen is visil^le on the scutellum; pleu-
rae with alternately brown and greenish-poUinose stripes. Abdomen brownish black, the
lateral edge of the second, often also of the first and third segments, brownish-yellow ;
along the middle of the dorsum, especially on segments 3, 4, 5, a faint longitudinal stri^ie of
grayisli pollen is visible. Front legs blackish, except the base of the tibia3 which is brown-
isli ; middle pair brownish, except the proximal half of femora and tip of tarsi, which are
black ; hind pair brownish, femora and end of tarsi black. Wings altogether blackish, ex-
cept the anal angle, which is grayish; a small hyaline triangle occupies the distal half of
the second and third posterior colls ; small subhyaline dots are visiljle on the fourth longi-
tudinal vein; before tlie discal cell and at the proximal end of the fifth posterior cell ; a
faint subhyaline streak runs across these two dots and the fifth posterior cell to the posterior
margin.

Hah. I have two females from Dist. Columbia and Georgia (J. Eidings) ; males from
Kentucky (F. G. Sanborn), Missouri (C. V. Ptiley), and a third specimen without indication
of locality.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 389

Although I have not received specimens of both sexes from the same locaUUj, I hardly
doubt that the above described male really belongs to the female described as C. mcechas.
The coloring of the body is very different in appearance, but the whole difference consists
in the degree of melanism ; while the characteristic traits in the coloration of the wings
are the same in both sexes.

18. Chi-ysops morosus n. sp.

? Chrysops trinotatics Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i, 1, p. IGl, 9.

? . The hyaline triangle separating the crosshaiul from the apical spot is narrow, acutangular, almost
crescent-shapeil, and reaches the second longitudinal vein only; first basal cell infiiscated ; abdomen hrown,
with three somewhat faint brownish-yellow longitudinal stripes; the intermediate one very narrow, the lateral
ones often .abbreviated posteriorly.

Length, 7.5 mm.

3 . Like the female, except the sexual characters.

Female. Face ferruginous ; its lateral callosities brownish or black ; cheeks also brown-
ish or black, separated from the face by the usual ftdvous pollen ; palpi more or less brown-
ish. Antenna3 more or less reddish-yellow on the first two joints, blackish brown on the
third. Frontal callosity and a small area surrounding the ocelli, black. Thorax with the
usual greenish-gray median stripe ; lateral stripes yellowish (in some of the specimens they
do not exist) ; pleura? with two yellow stripes, separated by a brown one. Aljdomen brown,
with three brownish-yellow, often almost obsolete, longitudinal stripes ; in one of my speci-
mens the stripes reach from the base of the abdomen to the fourth segment ; in other spec-
imens, the lateral stripes, which are broader than the median one, do not reach beyond the
hind margin of the second segment ; sometimes the lateral stripes are barely visible as indis-
tinct yellowish spots. Venter brown, with more or less yellow on the sides of the first two
segments. Prevailing color of the legs reddish-yellow ; distal half of the front tibia; and
the whole front tarsi, tips of the other tarsi, base of the femora, especially of the hind pair,
and end of the hind tibit\3, black. Wings : root, costal cells and first basal cell, brown ; the
crossband is limited posteriorly by the intercalary vein, and completely fills out the fourth
posterior cell ; on the distal side the crossband is limited 1.)}' a curve running from the sec-
ond longitudinal vein, almost opposite the end of the stigma, to the tip of the vein sepa-
rating the third and fourth posterior cells ; this curve forms the proximal side of the hya-
line crescent, separating the crossband from the apical spot ; the distal side of the crescent,
that is, the limit of the apical spot, is less definite, but may be described as running from
the same place on the second vein, across the tip of the second submarginal cell toward
the posterior margin. Thus the brown color fills out the marginal cell, except a small, but
very constant, hyaline dot at the end of the stigma ; it fills out the first submarginal cell,
except a triangidar hj'aline space, which is the ajiex of the crescent; it fills out the second
submarginal cell, except its proximal end (the base of the fork of the third vein); the first
posterior cell, beyond the crossband, is partly filled by the very much faded end of the api-
cal spot, partly hyaline, (in one of the specimens the brownish tinge almost reaches the
crossband). Second basal and anal cells, and the anal angle, hyaline ; a hardly visible
shadow on the last section of the fifth longitudinal vein sometimes communicates across
the fifth postei'ior cell with the crossband.

M1:M0IU3 BOST. SOC. NAT. niST. VOL. II.

390 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

Hah. Maryland, July and beginning of August (P. R. Uliler and Mus. Philad. Entom.
Soc). Six females. The single male, wliicli 1 have, resembles the females in all essential
characters ; the yellow stripes on the abdomen are very distinct. Two females and a male,
also from Maryland, are smaller, abdomen altogether broAvn, front tibia?, except the base,
and hind legs, except base of tarsi, almost entirely brown. I am doubtful whether they be-
long here.

Macquart's C. trlnotatus is very vaguely described, especially the wings, (only briefly
mentioned in the diagnosis). It may or may not be C. morosus.

19. Chrysops vittatus.

Chrysops vittatus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., i, p. 100, 7 ; Auss. Zwelfl., i, p. 200.

C'Ari/sops areolatus Walker, List, ete., i, p. 197.

C/iri/sops lineatus Jaeiinicke, Neue Exot. Di[)t., p. 26.

2 . The hyaline triangle separating the crossbaml frotn the apical spot does not reach the second longi-
tudinal vein ; first basal cell to a considerable extent infiiscated ; the secon<l at the proximal end only; frontal
callosity and scutelliini reddish; abdomen yellow with four longitudinal black lines.

Length, 8-10 mm.

5 . The second basal cell is, like the first, to a considerable extent infuscated.

Female. Face and facial callosities ferruginous-yellowish; frontal callosity yellotolsh-
red ; the pollen covering the front is yellow. Antenna; yellowish-red, third joint reddish
at base, brown or black toward the tip. The usual stripes on the thorax are broad and well
marked, yellow ; the intervening spaces are brown ; of the latter, the middle one is narrow.
Scutellum reddish-yellow. Abdomen yellow, with four longitudinal brown stripes, usually
reaching the fifth segment ; the lateral stripes usually begin on the second segment only ;
the sixth segment is brown, with vestiges of yellow spots and a yellow hind margin. Ven-
ter yellow, blackish at tip and with two more or less distinct brown lateral stripes. Prevail-
ing color of the legs yellowish-red; tarsi, except at base, brownish. Wings: costal and first
basal cells brown ; the latter with a small hyaline space before the distal end ; second basal
cell hyaline, with only a sniall brown streak at the proximal end ; anal cell and anal angle
hyaline ; the crossband fills out the fourth posterior cell, except a very narrow, almost im-
perceptible, hyaline border on the posterior margin of the wing ; the apical spot is broad
and fills out the whole marginal and first subuiarginal cells, and the greater part of the sec-
ond submarglnal, except its proximal end, with a corresponding little hyaline spot in the
first submarginal cell ; posteriorly the crossband reaches beyond the intercalary vein in the
shape of a more or less distinct brown cloud, crossing the fifth posterior cell and sometimes
invading the tip of the anal cell ; the proximal ends of the discal and of the fifth posterior
cells are usually hyaline.

Mab. Middle and Northern States; not rare. A specimen from North Conway, N. H.,
is much darker in its general coloring, especially on the thorax.

Tiie male, of which I have only a single, somewhat immature specimen, is in all respects
like the female, except that the second basal cell is infuscated to a greater extent.

The red frontal callosity and scutellum render this species easily recognizable, and for
this reason the synonymies are hardly doubtful. Mr. Walker seems to have described as

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 391

C. arcolatus a specimen which had the centres of the cells on the disc of a faded brown, as
is often the case, without constituting a specific character. In the description of the abdo-
men some omission has occurred, which renders it incomprehensible.

20. Chrysops striatus n. sp.

? Chrijsops furcatus "W.alker, List, etc., i, p. 199.

Chrijsops vittatus Bcllardi (iiec Wiedein.) Snggio, etc., i, p. 74.

9 . The hyaline triangle separating the crossband from the apical spot does not reach the second longitudi-
nal vein; first bas.al cell to a considerable extent infiiscated, the second altogether hyaline; frontal tubercle
black; scutellum blacJcish at base, reddish at tip ; .abdomen yellow, with four longitudinal black stripes.

Length, 7-9 mm.

Female. Very like that of C. vittatus in its general appearance and in the coloring of
its wings. It differs however in the following points : the foce is ferruginous, but the facial
callosities are usually brownish ; the frontal callosity is black and the pollen on the front
greenish-gray ; the coloring of the thorax is less yellow, the median strij^e being greenish-
gray, with a brown line in the middle ; the scutellum is more or less blackish at the base,
the posterior half only being reddish ; the longitudinal tripes on the abdomen are darker
and better marked, especially on the first two segment , where, in C. vittatus, they are
very often somewhat faded ; the fifth posterior cell is usually hyaline, and not invaded by a
brown cloud, issuing from the crossband ; the latter is limited posteriorly by the intercalary
vein ; the apical spot is smaller, occupying only the anterior portion of the second sub-
marginal cell ; the brown at the base of the second basal cell is confined to a small spot.
Venter yellow, with a broad median brown stripe, attenuated anteriorly, and two narrow
lateral stripes.

Hah. District of Columbia ; Illinois. Six females.

I have two doubtful specimens from Illinois (Le Baron), with the thorax and wings of C
striatus, but wdth reddish facial and frontal tubercles.

Mr. Walker's description of C. furcatus seems to fit the present species better than any
other ; nevertheless, important discrepancies in the description prevent me from admitting
the synonymy. Bellardi's C. vittatus is very likely this species, and certainly not C. vitta-
tus Wied. (compare the color of scutellum and of the frontal tubercle).

21. Chrysops hilaris n. sp.

5 . Apical spot separate! from the crossband by the tip of the hyaline triangle, which reaches the cost.i ;
both basiil cells hyaline ; the crossband does not quite reach the hint margin. Frontal and ficial callosities
black ; third and fourth abdominal segments with four black longitudinal spots, alternating with yellow ones,
sometimes coalescing in such a way as to leave but a yellow longitudinal stripe and lateral yellow spots.

Length, 8-9 mm.

Female. Face yellowish-ferruginous, fixcial callosities black ; palpi reddish-yellow ; front,
antennse and thorax as in the preceding species. Abdomen : first two segments yellow ; the
first with two black, rounded spots, separated by a yellow space, under the scutellum ; the
second with two short, diverging black streaks in the middle, which neither meet nor touch
the anterior margin ; the posterior margin they sometimes touch, sometimes not ; the third

392 C. R. OSTEN SACKEX'S PRODROME

segment shows four longitudinal spots on ^yellow ground ; sometimes these spots expand at
both ends in such a manner as to leave only a longitudinal yellow stripe in the middle, and
a round yellow spot, on black ground, each side ; the fourth segment is colored like the
third, so that in some cases the al^domen shows two longitudinal black stripes, reaching
from the scutellum to the posterior margin of the fourth segment, and two lateral stripes
on the third and fourth segments ; in other cases (and, upon the whole, more frequently),
the third and fourth segments may be described as black, with a yellow median stripe and,
on each side, yellow spots, a pair on each segment. The last segments are black, Avith yel-
low hind margins, the fifth sometimes with a yellow median line. Venter yellow ; third
and fourth segments with black spots in the middle (which are nearly obsolete in some
specimens), and blackish lines on the sides ; the fifth and following segments black,
with yellow margins. Legs as In C. monianus and also variable as to the extent of the
black color. Wings : both basal cells hyaline, the brown color encroaching but very little
upon either of them ; crossband not quite filling out the fourth posterior cell, and leaving a
hyaline space at its distal end and along the intercalary vein ; a brown shade on the last
section of the fifth vein is hardly perceptible ; the hyaline triangle between the crossband
and the apical spot entirely separates both and reaches the costa with its ajjex.

Ildh. Pennsylvania; Massachusetts; White Mountains, N. II. (Scudder) ; Canada
(Couper); Kansas (Al. Agassiz). Twelve female specimens.

22. Chrysops fallax n. sp.

5 . Apical spot scpni-ated from tlie crossliand l)y tlif tip of the hyaline triangle, which almost reaches the
co^ta; both bisal cells hyaline; (he crossband re((cJu's the posterior margin. Facial callosities reddish or
brownish, third and fonrth .abdominal segments with four black longitudinal spots, alternating with yellow
si)aces, the black sometimes coalescing in such a way as to leave but a yellow longitudinal stripe in the middle.

Length, 7-7.5 mm.

Female. Very like C. hlhirls, but with the following, apparently constant, difterences :
it is smaller; the end of the crossband fills out the fourth posterior cell, or very nearly ,so;
although the hyaline triangle between crossband and apical spot crosses the second longi-
tudinal vein, forming a large hyaline spot in the marginal cell, still a connection is left be-
tween the crossljand and the apical spot, in the shape of a narrow brown shadow ; the cloud
on the last section of the fifth vein is somewhat more distinct ; on the abdomen, the black
sjiots under the scutellum, sepai'ated bij a yelloio ftpace in C. hllaris, are here coalescent
(this seems to be a very constant character); the converging black lines on the second seg-
ment are sometimes coalescent anterloi'ly; the facial callosities are usually red, often brown-
ish on their lower half; the cheeks are also variable, from reddish to l)lack. The abdomen
is like that of C. hllaris, and shows the same variations as in that species; in some speci-
mens the third and fourth segments, except a yellow stripe in the middle, and a yellow hind
margin, are entirely black.

Male. Similar to the female ; the proximal ends of the basal cells somewhat infuscated ;
thorax with erect, yellowish hairs; third and fourth abdominal segments (in the two speci-
mens before me), yellow, with four black spots ; the following .segments black, Avith yellow
hind margins.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 393

Hah. Cambridge, Mass.; S. Amherst, Mass. (G. Dimmock); Tarrytown, N. Y. ; Dela-
ware ; Maryland. Twelve female and two male specimens.

Two female specimens Avliicli I took at the Trenton Falls, N. Y., in July, 1874, have
black frontal tubercles, and the feet more black than usual. I hardly douljt the specific
identity of these specimens.

23. Chiysops obsoletus Wicd.

CJirysops obsoletus Wietk'niann, Dipt. Exot., i, \k 108, 10 ; Auss. Zweifl., i, p. 211.

? . Tlie liyaline triangle separating the crossband from the ajiical spot reaches the costa ; both basal cells
hyaline ; abdomen bnncu, icilh a ycUoic, ({qxrirnj^ median slripe, ic/iich detes not reach tic tip, and two lettered
narroieer, anel still more abbreviated stripes.

Length, G.5-8 mm.

Female. Antennoe black ; more or less yellowish at the base ; foce ■\-ellowisli-fevru"'inous
facial callosities black ; front yellowish-gray, Avith a large, black callosity. Thorax with the
usual greenish-gray median stripe, divided by a black line ; yellowish lateral stripes and yel-
loAV stripes on the pleuras. Abdomen more or less dark brown ; a yellow stripe, taperinf
posteriorly, reaches from the base of the first segment to the hind margin of the fourth or
even the fifth segment ; two lateral, narrower, yellow stripes on the first and a portion of
the second, sometimes even on the third and fourth segments, ^^'nter brown, with more
or less yellow on the sides of the first tln-ee segments ; a brown lateral stripe often crosses
the yellow. Legs reddish, with the end of the front tibia; and the front tarsi, the ends of
the four posterior tarsi, the base of the hind femora, etc., black. Wings: two Ijasal, anal,
fifth posterior cells and anal angle hyaline ; crossband almost reaching the hind maroin
along the vein between the tliird and fourth posterior cells, but leaving a hyaline space on
the proximal end of the discal cell and, in the fifth posterior cell, along the intercalary vein.
The liyaline triangle between the crossband and the apical spot crosses the second lont)-itudi-
nal vein, and touches the costa ; the apical spot is of a paler shade of brown tlian the cross-
band and evanescent posteriorly.

Hab. Pennsylvania; Maryland; Manlius, N. Y. (J. II. Comstock) ; Cambridge, Mass.
(Sept. 19); North Conway, N. 11. (August, 1874). Nine females.

In some specimens the lateral stripes of the abdomen become obsolete ; in others, on the
contrary, a trace of a prolongation is visible on the third and fourth segments. Wiedemann
mentions a specimen from Pennsylvania, in which tliese stripes almost reached the end of
the abdomen. Sometimes the brown tinge of the costal cell is very pjile.

The male of this species, according to Wiedemann, has no stripes, either on the thorax or
on the abdomen.

24. Chrysops plangens Wiecl.

Chrijsops plungens Wielenianu, Auss. Zweiti., i, ]i. "210, '22 ( $ ).

Chrtjsops fuliijinosus Wiedemann, Dipt. E.vot., i, p. 109, 11 ; Auss. Zweifl., i, p. 210, 23 {$).
$ . Tiie apical spot is separated from the crossbnid by a hyaline lunule, reaching to tlie costa; first basal
cell infuscated ; the brown design on the wing is rather pale ; body altogether grayish.
^ . Altogether blackish; wings j)ale bi'ownish, with some faint paler streaks.
Length 5 , 6-8.5 mm. ^ , G.5 mm.

Female. Head gray; face ferruginous in the middle, with black, shining frontal callosi-
ties, separated from the black, shining cheeks by a stripe of yellowish pollen; antennte

MKMOIRS BOST. SOC. NAT. HIST. VOL II.

394 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

usually blackish, with a vestige of retlilish at the root of the third joint (compare the ob-
servation at the end of this description). Thorax blackish, with a broad gray median
stripe, divided by a longitudinal blackish line; lateral grayish stripes above the root of the
wings ; pleuroe grayish, with a blackish stripe. Abdomen grayish, with faint bilobed black-
ish spots at the base of the segments ; grayish golden hairs on all segments, especially on
the hind margins ; venter blackish-gray, hind margins of the segments lighter gray. Legs
black ; tibiye, except the ends, and base of all the tarsi, broAvnish. Wings of a general
grayish hue; second basal cell subhyaline ; the usual picture pale brownish ; it consists: 1,
of the infuscated costal and first basal cells (except a small subhyaline spot at the distal
end of the latter); 2, of a crossljand not sharply limited by the intercalary vein, and rather
evanescent posteriorly, coalescing with the general grayish luu; of the anal angle ; 3, of an
apical spot, separated from the crossband by an oblique, subhyaline sti'eak between the end
of the stigma and the proximal end of the second submarginal cell ; posteriorly, a space of
a more grayish hue completes the lunule between the apical spot and the crossband.

Male. Face as in the female ; body altogether blackish, gray stripes on thorax hardly
visible; abdomen with a faint grayish pollen, and grayish golden hairs. Wings of an
almost uniform grayish-brown tinge, with only a faint outline of the usual picture ; a
distinct hyaline streak between the end of the stigma and the proximal end of the second
submarginal cell ; a double sublyaline spot at the distal end of the basal cells.

Ilah. Cambridge, Mass., midsummer ; New Kochelle, N. Y. ; Tarrytown, N. Y., in June ;
New Jersey. Six females and two males.

I possess, moreover, two females and a male, which I collected in Florida, in March. The
females have the base of the first and second joints of the antennoo yellowish-red ; in the
male, the antenna; are altogether black ; otherwise I do not pei'ceive any difference
between these specimens and those from the Northern States and take them for the same
species.

In Wiedemann's description some clerical eri'or was committed in the description of the
anteuniio, as "yellowish antennae Avith a black basal joint," seem somewhat improbable in a
Chrijsops ; moreover, Wiedemann himself describes the antenniB of his C. fulujinosus, 5 ,
as "black, with a brownish-yellow root," suggesting at the same time the synonymy of this
species with C j^lanr/ens, 2 .

I have never seen the following North American species of ChrysojJS : —

1. Chrysops lugens Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., p. 109 ; Auss. Zwcifl., i, p. 212 (Savannah).

For some time I felt inclined to identify this species with the dark specimens of C. moro-
sus, mentioned at the end of the description of that species. But Wiedemann describes his
species as "black" and not brown, which cannot possibly apply to the darkest specimens of
C r)iorosus.

2. Chrysops nigripes (Zetterstedt) ; Loew, Verli. Zool. Bot. Ges., Wien, 1858, p. 623.

Occurs, according to Loew, in Lapland and also in Sitka (erroneously called (1. c.) "the
peninsula Sikka"). It belongs to the group with an apical spot.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 395

3. Chrysops quadrivittatus Say, J. Aca.l. Phil., m, 33, 1 (1822) ; Wictl., Auss. Zweifl., i, p. 200, 9.
Rocky Mts.

4. Chrysops sepulchralis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer., p. 314, 1.

Whether it is really identical with Fabricius's species of that name, remains to be proved ;
this identification certainly shows that the species belongs to the group provided with an
apical spot.

SILVIUS.

The only North American species of this genus hitherto described, S. isahelUnus Wied.,
I have never seen. The following species is a true Sllvius from the Pacific basin ; it differs,
however, from the European species in the presence, on the flice, of shining black callosi-
ties.

Silvius trifolium n. sp.

$ . Thorax clotlicd wltli a dense yellowish pollen, abdomen reddish-yellow, at the base with three elon-
gated blackish spots, connected at their ends in the shape of a clover-leaf.
Length 11.5 mm.; wing 10.5 mm.

Head grayish-yellow, from a dense pollen A^;^hich covers it; small area)( round the ocelli,
an obcordiform frontal callosity and two «ig«W- spots on the face, below the antenna?, shin-
ing l)lack. Antenna? : two basal joints and base of the third, reddish-yellow, the remainder
black ; palpi reJdish-yellow. Thorax : ground color black, but altogether concealed under
a thick grayish-yellow pollen ; pknu-a? with yellow hairs. Abdomen reddish-yellow, some-
what purer yellow on the posterior margins of the last segments, clothed with some ap-
pressed minute black hairs ; the posterior margins of the segments show traces of a frino-e of
yellow hairs; the first segment has a blackish spot in the shape of a recumbent, elonoated
8, both lobes of which are situated on both sides of the scutellum ; on the second sefment
in the middle, there is an elongated spot of the same color, which, with the spots of the
first segment, forms a figure not unlike a clover-leaf; these spots are clothed with yellow-
ish pollen. Venter reddish-yellow, with a trapezoidal black spot at the base. Feet reddish-
yellow ; knees, tibia? and tarsal joints tipped with brown : tarsi altogether brownish towards
the end ; himl tibite beset with black hairs. Wings hyaline witli a grayish tinge ; the base,
the costal areas and stigma tinged with yellow ; the fork of the third vein has a stump of a
vein.

Vancouver Island (G. R. Crotch); Washington Territory. Two female specimens.

HzEMATOPOTA.

Besides H. punctulata Macq., Dipt. Exot., i, 1, p. 163, from the Carolinas, which I do not
know, the following species occurs in North America, and seems to be very common in the
Northwest.

Hsematopota americana n. sp.

F~imde. Grayish-black, v.ariegated with white lines and spots; wings grayish, with ninnerius irre<TiiIar
whitu streaks and a large ocellar spot, having tiie b.ase of the second posterior cell for its centre. Antennre
blask, firs'^ joint very much incrassated, the thin! somewhat i)ale at the extreme base only ; a large, shiniii'T,
black, tr.insverse callosity above them; two velvety black spots above the callosity. Feet black ; front tibia;

396 C. R. OSTEN SACK EN'S PRODROME

at base, middle and liiiid tihiic at base and in tin; iniddlo, with a broad white ring; first joint of middle and
hind tarsi wliite, the tip black. Abdomen with two white spots on each segment, beginning with the third
and with white |)Osterior borders, dilated in the nii<ldle.
Length, lU-11 mm.

This species is almost identical with the European II. jiluvkdis (compare the description
and the figure in Meigen, Syst. Beschr., ii, p. 60, Tab. 14, f. 8-16). A constant diflerence
seems to exist in the coloring of the third joint of the antennce, which is altogether black,
except a slight vestige, often invisible, of a paler coloring at the base of the third joint,
while the European specimens have the first half of the third joint more or less tinged with
reddish. Tlie first antennal joint in all my specimens is stouter than in the European spec-
imens which I have for comparison ; the front seems broader ; there is no vestige of the
longitudinal Avhite line along the middle of the abdomen, which usually exists in European
specimens ; the white picture of the wings seems to be more marked and the design more
fully carried out. Ilo^vever, in Europe this species is very variable and I have only a few
European specimens for comparison.

Fort Resolution, Huds. B. Terr. (R. Kennicott) ; Lake Superior (A. Agassiz) ; Dacota
(Dr. Cones); Southern Montana ; British Columbia (Crotch). I have compared more than
two dozen specimens.

DIABASIS.

Established by Macquart in the Suites a Buffon and in the Dlpteres Exotlques, this genus
does not seem to be sufficiently defined ; except the shortness of the fiice, in connection
with it, the rather low insertion of the antennfe, and the rather broad fore tibiae, there
seems to exist no appreciable character to distinguish it from Tabanus. It may be that some
of the characters mentioned Ijy Macquart (for instance the callosities on the face) occur in
the other species which he places in the genus, but they do not exist in the only known
North American species.

As it is, Dlabasis ferrugata, besides its general appearance and coloring, which are not
Tabanus-like, has only the coloration of its eyes to show, as a distinctive character. The
direction of the stripes of the eye is very oblique, almost from top to bottom, instead
of nearly horizontal, as in Taljanus. A purple stripe runs, between two green ones, from
the vertex downward, across the eye ; from the inner one of the green stripes, a green band,
perpeirdicular to the stripe, runs crosswise toward the antenncc, dividing in two the inner
and lower portion of the eye, which is purple.

Diabasis fermgata.

Chrijsops ferrntjatus Faliricins, Syst. Antl., Ill, 2.

Tahanus ferrufjatiis Wiedemann, iJipt. Exot., I, ]). 94, 5G; Aiiss., Zwcifl., i, p. 186, 113.

Dichelacera fermgata Walker, List, etc., i, ]). 191 and v, p. 148.

Diabasis atcenia Macquart, Di])t. Exot., i, 1, p. 152 and AValkcr, List, etc., v, p. 271.

Chryso2)S apjiroximans Walker, List, etc., i, p. 198.

Chrysops convergens Walker, List, etc., i, p. 108.

Tahanus americamis Palisot do Beanvois, Dipt., Tab. in, f. 6.

lahanus Hondanii Bellardi, Saggio, etc., i, p. G8, Tab. u, f. 11.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 397

Female. Yellow ; thoracic dorsum grayish, tip of the abdomen brown ; tip of antennae,
front tibite and tarsi black ; wings brown at the apex and with a brown stigma. Length,
9-10 mm.

Palpi and antennsB ferruginous-yellowish ; the end of the third joint of the latter black-
ish or brown ; face grayish ; front comparatively narrow, yellowish above the antennae,
grayish aljove the callosity and yellowish-gray to\vard the vertex ; callosit}' nearly square,
blackish or black. Thorax yellowish ; the middle portion of the dorsum is grayish, which
color is tempered by a yellowish pollen ; pleurte and pectus, in part, gray. Abdomen ferru-
ginous-yellowish, clothed with a golden-yellow pubescence ; sixth segment brown on the
sides; seventh entirely brown; (in some s^^ecimens the preceding segments also show a
brownish tinge on the sides). Distal third of the front femora, the front tibice and tarsi
black ; distal half of the middle tarsi brownish ; hind tarsi, except the base, and hind tibiae,
more or less brown (the hind tibiae seem to vary in the intensity' of the coloring; in one
specimen they are brown, except at the base ; in another the brownish coloring is hardly
perceptible at all ; the third holds the middle between the two) ; the remaining portion of
the legs is yellow. Wings suljhyaline ; stigma brown ; the apex, inmiediately beyond the
tip of the second vein, is Iji'own ; this tinge becomes much fainter, however, toward the
hind margin ; a faint brown tinge in the proximal half of the first posterior cell enci'oaches
more or less on the first basal cell and extends along the central crossveins ; costal cell
yellowish.

I have four female specimens before me ; two from Florida and two from Mexico. One
of the latter has the hind tibiae brown except at the base.

This species occurs also in the Carolinas (Macquart), in the West Indies and Hondm-as
(C/irysops convcrgens Walker), and in Brazil (Macquart).

The synonymy emijraces not less than six specific names ; Mr. Walker, in his List of the
Diptera of the British Museum, after having identified it once as Dichelacera ferrugata,
describes it twice as a new species, and quotes it a fourth time as Diabasis atcenia. The
descriptions of Clirysops convergens Walker, and ajjj^roximaiis Walker, which are beside
each other, are absolutely identical ; a slight difliirence appears in the hind legs, the coloring
of which, as I have sho\vn, is variable. The other synonymies wUl not seem in the least
doubtful to any one who will take the trouble to compare them.

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MEMOIRS

OF THE

BOSTOiN SOCIETY OF iNATLlRAL HISTORY.

VOLUME II. PART IV. NUMBER IV.

PRODKOMF: of a monograph of the TABANlDiE OF THE

UNITED STATES.

PART II. THE GENUS TABANUS.
WITH APPENDIX AND INDEX TO PARTS I AND 11.

By C. R. OSTEN SACKEN.

BOSTON :

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY.

April 20, 1876.

XVI. Prodrome of a Monograph of the Tabanid.e of the Uxited States. Part II.
The Genus Tabanus. By C. R. Osten Sacken.

Read November 17, 1875.

TABANUS.

XhE total number of the hitherto described species of Tabanus from North America,
north of Mexico, is one hundred and two. Of these descriptions thirty-four have been
identified, and the names connected with tliem adopted in the present paper. Twenty-six
other species, aUhough identified, have been recognized as synonymous with previously
described ones ; and thus forty-two names remain as yet to be disposed of. It is very prol)-
able that among these forty- two names a very small number (perhaps not more than three
or four) represent species really unknown to me ; the large majority are either recognized
as doubtful synonyms of some of the identified species, or else they are unrecognizable, on
account of the insufficiency of the descriptions.

Twenty species I describe as new ; not that I am convinced that none of them have
ever been described before, but because I could not recognize them with any reasonable
degree of probability among the forty-two unidentified species. The total number of spe-
cies of Tabanus from North America, north of Mexico, described in the present paper, is
thus brought to fifty-four.

The tjxsk of the critic, as far as descriptions go, being nearly completed, the comparative
merit of the work of the different writers is brought out in a very striking light. Of
Wiedemann's more than twenty species (including those of Fabricius, which we know only
through Wiedemann), all but three are identified ; and of these three one is very probably
a species I do not know ( T. gracilis) ; the second ( T. nigripes) is as good as identified, and
the name is not adopted merely because another name, by Macquart, was preferred ; the
third is a very doubtful Fabrician species, belonging to a difficult group and described by
Wiedemann from a very imperfect specimen in Fabricius's collection {T. marrjinalis).

As long as my materials were limited, the identification of several of Wiedemann's de-
scriptions remained doubtful ; when, among closely resembling species, I did not possess the
right one, I was sometimes led to identify a wrong one. But with the increase of material
these difficulties vanished, and even among closely allied species the right one was recog-
nized, thus showing the faithfulness of Wiedemann's work.

Of Mr. Walker's twenty-nine species nineteen are unrecognizable to me, seven are syn-
onyms of other, mostly well known species, and only three are adopted. Among these
three I am not very sure whether T. catenatus Walk, should not be better called T. rece-

MEUOIRS BOST. SOC. KAT. HIST. VOL. U. 106 (421)

422 C- K- OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

dens "Walk. ; T. fiilcesceus may be only a variety of T. bicolor Wied. ; and if I recognized
T. trljiincius, it is principally Ijecause I remembered having seen it in the British Museum.

Macqnart's descriptions, although short, are more to the point than the unmenning de-
scriptions of Mr. Walker. But Macquart at different times worked in diiferent entomologi-
cal caljinets, without comparhig, or remembering, his former types ; thus he came often
to describe his own species again. Besides, he generally took but little trouble about iden-
tifying the descriptions of previous authors. Among the twenty-three species described by
him six are adopted, five are synonyms, and twelve are among the unrecognized and
doubtful.^

In adopting the species of former authors I have tried to hold the middle course between
too much confidence and too much skepticism. The latter is as injurious as the former, as it
leads to a new increase of synonymy. With the comparatively large material which I had,
besides the literal interpretation of the descriptions, a process of exclusion comes into play,
which reveals probabilities almost amounting to certainties. A description is referred to a
certain species, not because they exactly agree, but because no other species from the same
region is known that agrees lietter.

During my journey to Europe, in 1859, I had an opportunity of seeing the Museums of
London and Paris, and to take a few notes, some of which I could turn to account now.
Unfortunately, my knowledge of North American Tabanidas at thnt time was very limited,
and thus the usefulness of a flying visit to those Museums was diminished in proportion.
About some of Wiedemann's types in the Vienna Museum I took the liberty of addressing
a few questions to Dr. Eedtenbacher, the Director of that Museum. His kind answers fully
confirmed the surmises I had ali-eady formed from Wiedemann's own descriptions, about the
identity of two or three doubtful species.

By such means I hope, in the great majority of cases, to have avoided the two evils of
misapplying old names, or of unnecessarily introducing new ones. But should I even have
been occasionally mistaken, the evil is lessened by my having given full descriptions of all
the species, whether old or new.

In describing, my only aim has been to enalde others to recognize the object described.
Tabani are variable in life ; they are still more variable in collections, according to the degree
of preservation of the specimens. I have purposely omitted statements which seemed
unnecessary for the practical aim I had in view, and 1 have purposely used vague expres-
sions, where any positive stateiuent would have been misleading. I am far from flattering
myself that in every single case my descriptions will be recognized, but I believe that the
possessor of a reasonable amount of material will be able to identify most of the species
with much less trouble now than before the publication of my i)aper. In the dilficult
groups of T. ahdominalis, tectus, varleycdus, of T. lonrjus, or of T. socius, sejitentnona-
lis, illotus, — groups containing either very variable species, or several closely resendjling

» Summary of the critical review of N. A. species (north 1 Meigeii, 2 Wiedemann, 5 ]Macquart and

of Mexico) described by former autliors: — 7 Walker).

Identified and adopted 34 sjiecies. Unknown, doubtful, unrecognized or unrecog-

(1 Linne, 1 Forster, 1 DeGcer, 5 Fabricius, nizable 42 species.

3 Palisot, 9 Wiedemann, 2 Say, G JMacquart, (2 Linne, 1 Fabricius, 2 Wiedemann, 4 Pal-

2 Kirby, 3 Walker, 1 Loew). isot, 1 Say, 12 Maccpiart, 1 Kondani, 19

Identified and given in the synonymy . . . . 2C species. Walker).

(1 DeGeer, 2 Drury, 4 Fabricius, 4 Palisot, Total . . . . 102 species.

OF THE TABANIDiE OF THE UNITED STATES. 423

ones, I have described Avhat I considered as well-defined tj-j^cs, indicating at the same time
the aberrant types, but without deciding whetlier they are species or varieties. The di.s-
crimination of closely allied species in such cases, is a matter of time and of local ob-
servation.

One of the difficulties one has to contend with in describing species of Tabanus, is the
small number of males usually found in collections, and the uncertainty, in some cases pre-
vailing, as to what species they really belong. Among tlie twelve species of the subgenus
Therioplectes I have not seen the males of more than one half, although the females were
numerously rej? resented. It would be imprudent to attempt the description of the proba-
bly numerous closely allied species of that group, without the knowledge of both sexes.
Males are usually the bearers of the most distinctive and most plastic characters, and in the
present genus, owing to their scarcity, they do not seem to have been sufficiently studied.
A great deal remains to be learned yet from local observation on males and females caught
in the same locality. Thus Dr. Zeller, in 1842, separated from the common European T.
hovinus the closely allied T. sitdefictis, which, in the female sex, shows but slight differences,
while in the males a most marked distinguishing character exists: T. hocinus has the facets
nearly of the same size over the whole eye, while T. siidcticus has the usual dividing line
between large and small facets very distinctly drawn.

It will be noticed that the descriptions are not preceded bj' diagnoses of the species. I
thought that a carefully prepared analytical table, as well as the comparisons of closely
allied species, which I have placed at the end of the descriptions, sufficiently supply the
place of diagnoses.

The most trustworthy characters ^ for the discrimination and description of the species of
Tabanus, are the plastic characters taken from different parts of the head : the shape of the
palpi, of the third antennal joint, of tlie frontal callosity and the breadth of the front
itself; in the male, the shape of the head, and the relative size and distribution of the large
and small facets on the eyes. Although not aljsolutely immutable, these characters are
more so than coloring or pubescence ; they have, moreover, the advantage of greater dura-
bility, and can be observed even in badly preserved and old specimens. Some of these
characters, of course, do not admit of any other but of a comparative description ; thus
when I say " front rather broad," I suppose the reader to be acquainted with the frontal
breadth in the allied species. The venation of the wings affords very few available charac-
ters; the most useful is the degree of oj^ening of the first posterior cell at its distal end.
The differences in the markings on the eyes have Ijeen used for the discrimination of certain
closely allied European species. These markings are not absolutely the same in all speci-
mens of the same species, and Zeller observes in this connection that the ^;os(7/on of the
crossbands is of more importance than their length or breadth. Slightly marked cross-
bands, with an indefinite outline, ai-e apt to disappear altogether in some specimens (see
Loew, 1. c, p. 575).

The coloration of the eyes can usually be revived in dry specimens by putting tliem on
moistened sand for a few hours. The experiment, however, does not always succeed, and

' To those who wish to know more .about the ohiirncters (VitIi. Zool. Bot. Ges., Wien, 1858, p-573-G r2) am! Zullcr's
available for Jcscribing species of Tabanus, I reconuuenil Dr. article in Oken's Isis, 1842.
Loew's Zur Kenntniss der Europaischen Tabanus-Arten

424 C. R. OSTEN SACKEX'S PRODROME

often sjioils the specimens (and this circumstance, in many instances where I had but a few
specimens of a species, has prevented me from ascertaining the coloring of their eyes).

The coloring of the antenna^, from red to brown and black, is, in most cases, character-
istic, but cannot be relied upon in every single specimen ; when, for instance, the atten-
uated portion of the third joint, before the annulate portion, is infuscated, the extent of
the Ijrown is apt to be very variable ; the two basal joints also often vary from reddish to
dark brown or black in different species. The same may be said of the extent of the dark
color on pale colored legs ; even the femora undergo, in some cases, the most unexpected
variations. Besides, the bristles and hairs covering the legs often assume different hues,
according to the direction of the light falling in upon them.

The pollinose, or denuded condition of the srihccdhs (the part of the front between the
callosit\' and the root of the antenna;) is, according to Loew, not an altogether trustworthy
character, as, in some European species, for instance, T. hiridus, it occurs adventitiously ;
while in others it is of a pretty constant occurrence. In the American T. lasioj^hthalmus
and rhoriibicus I always found the subcallus denuded.

The coloration of the eyes of Tabani consists of crossbands, usually green (or Ijluish)
on purplish ground, or jjurplish on green ground ; sometimes all but one crossband disap-
pear; occasionall}' the whole eye is unicolorous. I have no doubt that a more attentive
study of the coloration would, in some cases, supply useful hints as to the distribution of
the species in groups. The following instances of coloration have j^artly been seen on the
living insect, partly on alcoholic specimens ; in many cases the eyes have been artificially
revived.

1. T. turbidus, trijunctus, caieiiahis, abdominaUs (var.), /ener, iectus, variegatus (prob-
ably also T. fronio), have their eyes colored on the same pattern, that is, there are two
subparallel green bands on a purple ground, the low'cr one, before its outer end, bending
towards the upper one. T. molestus and trhnaculcdus show neai'ly the same pattern, only
the crossljands are more narrow, moi"e parallel, and with a broader interval. All these
species seem to form one natural group.

2. T. fuscopunctahts differs from all these species in having but a single narrow purple
stripe on green ground, the lower portion of the eye being again purple.

3. T. psammophUus has, on blue ground, two broad green stripes, the broad interval
between which contains a third much narrower green stripe.

4. T. cosiaUs and n'ujrointtaius liave light green eyes, with a single narrow purple
crossband. T. fidvulus and sarjax, evidently related to them, have besides this single cross-
band in the middle, two others, one above and one below, but less distinctly marked.

5. The eyes of T. Uneola have a pattern somewhat akin to the preceding, but decidedly
original. The eye is green, with a purple central band, and another above it, which is
abruptly interrupted about the middle of the eye ; the whole uppei*, outer and lower orbits
of the eye have a dark pin-ple border.

6. T. nifjrescens and siyg'ms have dai'k colored, greenish eyes, with a central, rather
dark purplish crossband, and usually less distinct bands above and below ; the bands are
not half as broad as their intervals.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 425

7. The Tabani with unicolorous eyes belong to several distinct groups: —

a. T. melauocerus and nigricorn'ts.

b. T. Orion and Actceon seem also to have unicolorous eyes, at least I have not
been able to revive the colors by moisture.

c. T. ainericanus has uniformly green e^es ; those of T. (/igcnifeics are also uni-
colorous.

8. T. Reinioardtli has two bluish green stripes, Avitli a rather broad interval, the lower
one bent towards the upper one at the outer end, without reaching it ; thus, its pubescent
eyes notwithstanding, it resem1)les in this respect the Tabani of the first group.

9. T. cerastes has a single blue crossband across the middle of the eye.

10. The whole subgenus Therloiilectes has three or four green or bluish green cross-
bands on purj^le ground ( T. 2on«?<s and c'mdus have four dull green bands, T. trisjAIus
four bright ones, etc.).

These instances plainly show the connection which exists between the coloring of the
eye and the relationship of the species ; but they show at the same time the great variety
of types which exist Avithin the genus Tabanus.

The svibdivision of the genus Tabanus into smaller genera, natural groups or sub-
genera, lies beyond the scope of the present paper. In order to be carried out success-
ftdly, such an attempt would require the study of the species from all parts of the world.
Tabanus, on the whole, is a remarkably compact genus, but with a great variety of specific
types. The wiser course, perhaps, will be to treat the subdivisions as subgenera only, jiro-
viding them, however, with separate names, as has been done in the genus Trypeta. I will
confine myself here to a few remarks about the subgenus Therioplectes, proposed by Dr.
Zeller in 1842 for the Tabani with pubescent eyes. The subgenus thus defined contains
some heterogeneous elements in Europe [T. 7'usticns midfidviis), and still more so in North
America. We improve the definition of this group, however, through the use of a charac-
ter which has been hitherto neglected, but which seems to be a character of higher order,
that is, more indicative of a natural relationship than the pubescence of the eyes ; I mean
the jjresence of a more or less distinct ocelligerous tubercle on the vertex. Often a rudi-
mentary ocellus is perceptible upon the tubercle; sometimes quite distinctly (for instance,
in T. c'mcius, as was already noticed by Meigen). This character, more distinct in the
female, is often also visible in the male. The ocelli seem to be rudimentary, and should
not prevent the absence of ocelli from being quoted among the characters of the genus.
The new definition, as far as applicable to the American species, would run thus :

TnEPJOPLECTES. Eyes pubescent ; ocelligerous tubercle more or less distinct; eyes ( 5 )
with three or four bright green or bluish crossbands ; head of male not differing much in
size and shape from that of the female ; the difference in size between the large and small
fiicets upon it is but very moderate, and hence the line dividing them rather indistinct
(especially in dry specimens).

Thus limited, Therioplectes forms a rather homogeneous group of twelve American spe-
cies (Nos. 4.3-54). The two species T. hicolor and fulvescens, as well as their relatives,
the European T.f ulcus and rusticus, would be excluded from it and form a separate group,
wliich I propose to call Atylotus, and which may be characterized as follows : —

Mt:.M01R3 BOST. 803. NAT. HIST. TOL. H. 107

426 C- K. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

Attlotus.'' Eyes pubescent, no vestige of an occllar tubercle ; frontal callosity wanting
in the two American species (or small and rudimentary, in the European species) ; head
rather large, very convex anteriorly, and rather concave posteriorly ; difference in size be-
tween the large and small facets in the male considerable, line of division between them
very distinct (even in dry specimens) ; palpi ( S ) stout at base ; upper branch of tlie third
longitudinal vein knee-shaped at 1}ase (emitting a stump of a vein in the European species);
first posterior cell broadh' open'; coloration of the eyes uniform (sometimes a single indis-
tinct stripe). The coloring of the ej'es I quote after European authors ; I do not know
that of the American species, but have little doubt, from the appearance of the dry speci-
mens, that it is the same as in the others.

The next relative of Atylotus in North America would be T. mexicaniis, which is very
nearlv an Atylotus with glabrous eyes. And again the group of T. costalis, ni'gro-vittatus,
fuh'tilus, sagax, with their stout palpi, broadly open first posterior cell, green eyes, some-
what knee-shaped basis of the upper branch of the third longitudinal vein, etc., seems like-
wise to be related to At3dotus.

Of the total number of North American Tabani described by me, only two ( T. 2)nnctifer
and T. rhombiais) belong to the region beyond the western plains, and therefore fifty-two
inhabit the region east of the plains, that is, the valley of the Mississippi, the Atlantic
States and the British Possessions. The fauna of this region, especially of the Southern
States, is far from being exhausted, and the number of species will certainly reach fiir be-
yond sixty. At present I know already about half a dozen species, which I have seen in
collections and have not introduced in this paper, not wishing to describe new species in
this difficult genus from single specimens, except in cases where a species is as striking as
T. cijmatojihoriis, and where the specimen was uncommonly well preserved. Twenty-four
species I know to occur in the New England States alone, and even this number will un-
doubtedly be increased. For comparison's sake I will state that Zetterstedt has twenty-
four species for Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland ; Schiner thirty-two for Germany
and Austria ; Zeller thirteen for Silesia. As yet not a single species of Taljanus conuuon
to Europe and North America has been ascertained to exist, although some of the northern
sp'icies of the group Therioplectes come very near to European species (for instance, my
T. socius to T. troplma). It is not improbable that with a better knowledge of that group
some cases of undoubted identity will be disclosed.

All the oi'igiual specimens of my descriptions, as well as all the varieties and aberrant
specimens inentioued in my text, are to be found at the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
in Cambridge, Mass. The most important contributions from abroad I received from the
Entomological Society in Philadelphia, and from the Detroit Scientific Association ^ ; for both
of which I return my sincere thanks.

OliSERVATIOXS AUOUT THE ANALYTICAL TABLE OF THE SPECIES.

1. As the pubescence of the eyes, in female specimens especially, is sometimes very
difficult to perceive, either being naturally scarce, or worn ofl', I have introduced the ocelli-
gerous tubercle as an auxiliarj^ character. I know of no North American Tabanus Avith a
distinct ocelligerous tubercle and, at the same time, with glabrous eyes in both sexes ; so

I'Arivlwrof, without callosit)'. '^ Diptera collected ill Florida, by Messrs. Hubbard and

Schwarz.

OF THE TABAXID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 427

that, whenever a species possesses that tubercle, it must be looked for among those with
pubescent eyes, even when the pubescence is not apparent. Hitherto I have found only
four North American species which have pubescent eyes and no ocelUcjcrous tubercle.
Two of them {T bi color and fulcescens) at the same time have no frontal callosity, and for
this reason cannot be easily mistaken. The two others are T. Jieinwardtii and T. cerastes,
and for both a double reference has )>een introduced, so that the right names will be found,
even if the pu1)escence of the eyes should he overlooked. The same precaution of a double
reference will be found for T. rliomblcus, whose ocellar tubercle is indistinct.

2. Of T. Mecjerlei I have a single damaged specimen ; I place this species hypotheti-
cally among those with glabrous eyes, and, consequently, without ocellar tubercle.

3. The table has been constructed principally for female specimens. Male specimens
also can be determined by it, but with a certain caution, as the abdominal markings, which
were used a great deal for the discrimination of the species, are generally less well defined
in that sex than in the females.

4. I need hardly add that the table will be found useful for determining normally col-
ored and tolerably well preserved specimens, and not for very aberrant or ill-used ones.

AN.A.LTTICAL TABLE OF THE SPECIES.

pEyes gl:ibi'oiis; ocelligerous tiiberfle iibsent 2.

1. -j Eyes pubescent ; Ofi'lligerons tubercle iibsont 38.

L Eyes pubescent ; ocelligerous tubercle })resent (subgenus Tkerioplectes) 41.

fAlxlouien wilb definite white markiuLTs ' (iiltosrether white in No. 18') 3.

* 1 Abdomen without any definite white markings 28.

'The white markings of the abdomen consist in a single longitudinal row of white triangles. . . 4.

J The white markings, etc., consist of two or three rows of white tiiangles or spots 16.

The white markings, etc., consist in a distinct white or yellowish longitudinal strij)e, running from the
l_ scutelhnn to the end of the sixth segment 24.

Wings distinctly spotted or clouded with brown (spots sometimes faint only in No. 5) ; antennre mii-

formly ie<l 5.

Wings distinctly s]i()tted or chiuded with brown ; tliiril antennal joint reil, but its attenuated portion

4. ^ black or brown 9.

Wings with more or less fiint clouds on the crossveins and the bifurcation of third vein ; prevailing

color of the antennae black or brown 11.

Wings witliout any vestiges of clouds on the crossveins and on the bifurcation of the third vein . 13.
Longitudinal veins of the wings broadly clouded with brown ; frontal callous much longer than broad,

5. ■{ brownish red ; first posterior cell broadly ojien 1. turbidus Wied.

[Crossveins and bifurcation of the tliird vein alone clouded with brown 6.

„ J Prevailing color of the front femora dark brown 7.

[ Fi'ont femora altogether red 8.

_ J Front tibiae brown at tip 2. fronto n. sp.

* [Front tibiae altogether red 3. triligatus Walk.

■ Brown spots on wings large and conspicuous; third antennal joint almost crescent-shaped, its upper

angle being dr.iwn out in a long point 4. fuscopunctatus Macq.

Brown spots on wings but little conspicuous; thii'd antennal joint not crescent-shaped; abdomen co-
arctate posteriorly; abdominal triangles long and narrow 5. catenatus Walk.

^I call definite viarkinr/x the triangular spots, or oblique and not the ivliitish or yellow coloring of the hind or lateral
lateral spots, or the dorsal line, which occur in some species, margins of the segments.

10. -i

13. i

428 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

r Wings tinsjcd with V>rownish, but without distinct brownish boiTlcr posteriorly 10.

9. \ Wings whitish in tlie middle, with a brownish border along the hind margin ; thorax gray, al)donien

reddisli 8. vai'iegatus Fab.

Head ( /, ) subliemispherieal ; prevailingcolor of the thora.x ( ,^ , $ ) grayish-black; of the abdomen (?)

brownisii red with white triangles .-6. abdominalis Fab

Head ( ,? ) but little different from that of the female ; prevailing color of the thora.x ( <^ , $ ) brownish
I gray or grayish brown ; abdomen yellowish brown with white tiiangies. ... 7. tectUS n. sp,

r Abdomen black, with very distinct white triangles 12.

[Abdomen reddish, witli very faint white tiiangies 11. tener n. sp.

f A white triangle on second abdominal segment . . 9. molestus Say.

12 J No white triangle on second abdominal segment; venter with a broad blown Imigitudinal

I stripe 10. trimaculatus Fulisot.

'Antennae black, third Joint sometimes reddish at base; abdomen on each segment, with a distinct bor-
der of gva}' pollen, expanding into a triangle in the middle 14.

AntennfB reddisli, third joint more or less dark towards the end ; abdomen with triangles which are not

the expansion of a border of gray pollen 15.

("First posterior cell tlistinctly coarctate ; prevailing color of the tibiie whitish 12. melanocei'US Wied.
I First posterior cell not coarctate; prevailing color of the tibiaj black . . . 13. COfTeatUS Macq.

r Front tibia; almost uniformly colored 14. Orion n. sp.

^^- ] Distal half of the front til)ioB distinctly darker than the jiroximal 15. Actceon n. sp.

f Wings with distinct black spots or clouds 17.

16. i Wings without black spots or clouds 19.

f Brown spots onlj^ on crossveins and on the bifurcation of third vein 18.

17. i The brown .spots extend f;ir beyond the crossveins, and give the wing a variegated appear.ance .

I 17. venustus n. sp.

r The white triangles in the middle of the abdominal segments coalesce with the lateral obli<piu spots,

18. ■' the segments being broadly margined with white posteriorly .... 16. cymatopliorus n. sp..

[The white triangles, etc., do not coalesce with the lateral oblique sjiots (see No. 41, 7'. Ji(jiiiu-((rdtii,)

{Abdomen uniformly white; a distinct stump of a vein on the anterior branch of the fork of the third
vein 18. psammophiliis n. sp.
Abdomen with white triangles and white lateral spots on the segments 20.

r The lateral spelts (in the abdominal segments touch the hind margin of the segments^ .... 21.

I The lateral spots, etc., do «o< touch, etc 23.

Upjier angle of the third ;mteniial joint drawn out in a long joint (see No. 42, T. cerastes).

Upper angle, etc., no« drawn out in a longjioint 22.

rPrev.ailin"- color of the ab(h:imen white 19. nivosus n. sp.

\ Prevailing color of the abdomen black 20. vivax n. sp.

r Middle sized, elongated species 21. longus n. si:).

" 1 Small species, third antennal joint remarkably broad 22. pumilus Macq.

r On each side of the median abdominal stripe there is a lateral stripe (composed of coalescent spots;

24. \ sometimes indistinct) 25.

1 On each side, etc., there is a longitudinal row of yellowish or whitish, not coalescent, spots . . .27.

[Costal cell hyaline; ii-ont ($) distinctly convergent anteriorly 23. lineola Fab.-'

^^" [Costal cell yellowish 26.

[Face whitish; thorax gray, hind tibiae faintly brownish at tip .... 24. nigrovittatns Macq.
1 Face yellowish; thorax grayish yellow ; hind tibiae distinctly black at tip . . . 26. COStalis Wied.

1 In order to obtain a n-ood view of this character, raise the etc., as on the second segment, the spots are sometimes very
specimen to about the level of your eye, with the tail end nearly contiguous with tlie hind margin,
towards you ; pay especial attention to segments three, four,

27

29,
30,

31,
32.

33.

36.

38.

39.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 429

'Lateral abdominal spots yellowish; front narrow; upper angle of tliird antenna! joint prominent;
femora usually dark 26. fulviilus Wied.

Lateral abdominal spots whitish ; front broad ; upper angle of third antenna! joint very shallow ;
L femora reddish 27. sagax n. sp.

A distinct frontal callosity present 29.

No frontal callosity 38. mexicanus Linn.

J Both abdomen and palpi black 30.

[ Either abdomen or palpi not black 35.

Prevailing color of thorax and wings not black 31.

I'revailing color of the whole body black 33,

["Thorax dark brown above; wings subhyaline, with brown clouds on crossveins. 28. nigrescens Palisot. /
I Thorax densely clothed with white pollen or down 32.

Front tibi» white at base 29. punctifer n. sp.

Front tibia not white at base 30. stygius Say.^'

Front unusually broad, callosity transverse 31. atratus Fab.

Front not unusually broad, callosity not transverse 34.

„. [Narrow portion of the third antennal joint not remarkably elongate . 32. Wiedemanni n. sp.

' 1 Narrow portion, etc., remarkably elongate . 33. iugubris Macq.

„, fAbdomen broadly red on the sides, black in the middle 36.

' I Abdomen black or brown 37.

Legs and jialpi pale reddish 34. rufus Palisot.

Legs and palpi dark 35. Megerlei Wied.

Wings hyaline, with a dark brown costal cell 36. americanus Forster.

Wings uniformly brownish yellow 37. giganteus DeGeer.

fAbdomen without white si>ots; front (?) without callosity 39.

I Abdomen with three rows of white spots ; frontal callosity distinct 40.

fPectus and pleurje yellowish 39. bicolor Wied.

1 Pectus and pleura; gray 40. fulvescens Walk.

fGray; third antennal joint not very deeply excised ^ 41. Reinwardtii Wied.

40. I Light chocolate brown ; third antennal joint deeply excised, almost crescent-shaped 42. cerastes n. sp.
f Prevailing color of the body pure black or brown 42.

41. ■( Prevailing color of the body grayish black or blackish gray; sides of the abdomen often reddish (large

t group of northern species) 45.

fAbdomen with conspicuous yellow crossbands. . .• 43.

' [Abdomen without yellow crossbands 44.

f Ante-alur tubercle black; the yellow abdominal crossbands consist of a narrow fringe of pale yellow

. J hair 43. flavipes Wied.

I Ante-alar tubercle reddish; yellow crossbands broad, fonned by yellow hair on a broad border of yel-

l lowish pollen 44. zonalis Kirby.

f Three first abdominal segments bright orange red, the rest black 45. cinctus Fabr.

44. -i Abdomen with a white triangle on each of the segments two, three, four ; body of male brownish

L black; of female grayish black (dark slate color) 46. trispilus Wied.

fAbdomen with a conspicuous row of white triangles in the middle of the segments, but without lateral
I white spots (see No. 46, trispilus Wied., female).
Abdomen rufous on the sides, this color leaving only a narrow black stripe of the first three or four

segments 46.

Abdomen on eacli side with a conspicuous row of white or whitish spots; the rufous color less appar-
ent, or not existing 48.

45.^

' If the species to be determined is from the far west (Col- (No. 54), the ocellar tubercle of which is often not denuded,
orado Mountains, etc.), compare at this place 2'. rhombicus and might be supposed wanting.

MFJIOIBS P''ST. EOC. NAT. HIST. VOL. H. 108

430 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

4G. ^

f Crossvelns and bifurcation of third vein with distinct brown clouds; lateral whitish spots on abdomi-
nal segments distinct 47. lasiophthalmus Macq.

Crossveins and bifurcation of third vein not clouded ; lateral whitish or yellowish spots on abdominal

segments indistinct , 47.

J 17-20 mm. long. Second joint of palpi narrow 48. aifinis Kirby.

15-16 mm. long. Second joint of palpi stout at base 49. socius n. sp.

The lateral whitish spots on .abdomen do not ^ touch the hind margins of segments 49.

■ ^ The lateral whitish spots on abdomen rest with their broad base on the hind margins of segments . 50
'Third antennal joint rather narrow, and hardly excised at all; crossveins and bifurcation of third vein

without any clouds 50. septemtiionalis Loew^

I Third antenn.al joint moderately broad and clistinctly excised; crossveins and bifurcation of third vein
[ with faint brown clouds 51. illotus n. sp.

{Second joint of p.alpi stout at base 51.
Second joint of palpi narrow and rather long 53. astutUS n. sp.

'Bifurcation of third vein without any vestige of a cloud; third antennal joint remai-kably narrow, not

excised; subcallus not denuded (eastern species) 52. microcephalus n. sp.

Bifurcation of third vein with a faint vestige of a brown cloud ; third antennal joint, although narrow,
I still with a distinctly projecting upper angle ; subcallus denuded, black, shining (western s]iecies)
L 54. rhombicus n. sp.

49. ^

50.

51.^

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

A. Tabani with glabrous eyes, and without ocellar tubercle.

1. Tabanus turbidus.

Tithanus turbidus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., I, p. 124, 20.

Female. Palpi reddish, with minute l^lack hairs ; face 3'ellowish gray, antennce fer-
ruginous; upper angle of the third joint sharp, projecting, but not drawn out in a point ;
annulate portion of the third joint rather long, but little shorter than the body of the joiirt,
the single jonits composing it very well marked ; front yellowish gray, distinctly narrowed
anteriorly, darker brown in the middle ; frontal callus brownish red, fully twice as long as
it is broad ; above it a smooth stripe of the sanie color (sometimes bifurcate at its upper
end). Thorax with a grayish pollen, forming more or less distinct longitudinal stripes ;
the reddish brown or brownish red ground color is distinctly visible between them ; scutel-
lum concolorous with the thorax, and also covered with a grayish pollen ; pleurae uniformly
dull whitish yellow. Abdomen brownish, with a white spot in the middle of the first seg-
ment and Avith large triangular spots of the same color on segments 2-6 ; these spots do
not differ much in size, that on the sixth segment alone being smaller ; the whitish borders
on the hind margins of the segments are rather naiTow, but expand laterally. Venter
brownish red, with whitish incisures. Legs brownish red, hind tibia? with a but little con-
spicuous fringe of black hair. All wing veins (longitudinal as well as crossveins) are
broadly margined on both sides with brown clouds, the interior of the cells remaining sub-
hyaline ; posterior margin of the wings also faintly margined with brown ; first posterior
cell broadly open. Length, 20-22 mm.

Hah. Georgia (J. Ridings) ; Kentucky (Wied.). Four females. Will be easily recog-
nized by the peculiar coloring of its wings, the very long and comparatively narrow red-

1 See the foot-note on page 427; in T. iUolus the whitish reaching tiie hind margin, as the white pubescence, covering
spots on the second segment often have the appearance of them in well preserved specimens, extends to tliat margin.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 431

disli frontal callus, the long annulate portion of the antennce, the broadly open first poste-
rior cell, the front coarctate anteriorly, etc. In some specimens the brown clouds along
the longitudinal veins are almost evanescent.

The eyes of the female have two purplish green stripes, the lower one bending towards
the upper one near the end ; their broad interval becomes broader externally.

I have three specimens, one labelled Western States, the second Northern States, the
third, Illinois, which, besides almost obsolete clouds on the wings, have the third antennal
joint brownish, except at the base. In the plastic characters of the head, and in the broad
opening of the first posterior cell, they resemble the typical specimens. I refer them to
this species with a doubt.

Wiedemann's description is rather indefinite, but with the aid of some additional informa-
tion about the typical specimens in Vienna, kindly communicated by Dr. Eedtenlmcher, I
believe I have fully identified this species.

T. fusconervosus Macq. (without locality) may be this species, but the description is too
incomplete for identification.

2. Tabanus fronto n. sp.

Female. Palpi reddish, densely clothed with minute black hairs, which give them a
brownish appearance ; face yellowish gray, cheeks with yellow pile ; antennae ferruginous ;
basal joints clothed With, minute black hair ; the upper angle of the third joint sharp, pro-
jecting but not drawn out in a point ; the annulate apex of the third joint about half the
length ot the body of the joint, or a little less; front yellov/ish gray, with a brownish spot
in the middle; nearly parallel, and rather broad; callus broad, nearly square, chestnut
brown, prolonged in a narrow line aljove. Thorax with a grayish pollen, forming longitud-
inal stripes ; the reddish brown or broAvnish red ground color is distinctly visible between
them; scutellum of the same color with the thorax, but covered with a grayish pollen.
Pleurae yellowish gray, with blackish hairs in the middle. Abdomen brownish, with a whit-
ish spot in the middle of the first segment, and with whitish triangular spots on segments
2-6 ; these triangles are smaller than in T. furbidus ; they are nearly of the same size,
except those on the last segments, which are somewhat smaller ; incisures whitish, the white
border being broader on the sides. Venter brownish, reddish near the basis and with broad
w^hitish incisures. Legs brownish red ; the ends of the front tibia?, the front femora and
tarsi brown ; the tip of the four posterior tarsi are more or less iufuscated ; the four poste-
rior femora are beset with black hairs, which give them a darker appearance. The wdngs
have a yellowish brown tinge, more saturate on the basal half ; the crossveins at the base of
all posterior cells, and the bifurcation of the third vein, are marked with large dark brown
clouds; distal end of the first posterior cell distinctly coarctate. Length, 17-18 mm. ; some
specimens much smaller.

Hah. Georgia (James Ridings). Five female specimens.

This species may perhaps be confounded with T. trijtmcius ; the latter is easily distin-
guished however, by the ferruginous front tibise, not brownish at tip, the dark brown frontal
callus ; the dark brown scutellum, margined wdth red behind, etc. Tlie average size of T.
trijuncius is larger, its general coloring, including the wings, is darker ; the white abdom-
inal triangles are larger ; the brown spots on the wings are smaller ; at the base of the

432 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

third posterior cell there is only a vestige of a cloud, while in T. fronto the cloud there is
nearly equal to that at the base of the second posterior cell.

3. Tabanus trijunctus.

Tahanus trijunctics Walker, List, etc., V, p. 182.

Female. Palpi reddish, dotted with minute black hairs ; face grayish yellow, cheeks with
yellow pile; antennas fei-ruginous ; the upper angle of the third joint sharp, projecting,
almost rectangular ; the annulate portion, in length, about equal to three-quarters of the
body of the joint ; front yellowish gray, nearly parallel ; callus convex, dark brown,
rounded above, and wath a spindle-shaped prolongation. Thorax reddish brown, with but
indistinct stripes of grayish pollen ; pleuraj grayish yellow with some blackish hairs in the
middle. Scutellum dark brown, its hind border reddish (in well preserved specimens this
color is concealed under a covering of golden yellow pile). Abdomen blackish brown ; the
hind margins of the segments Avith yellowish white borders, expanding into large triangles
in the middle ; first and second segments often reddish on each side. Venter brown ; hind
margins of segments with whitish bands. Legs ferruginous red ; front femora, except the
tip and front tarsi blackish brown ; tips of the other tarsi hrownish, hind tibiae with a dis-
tinct fringe of rufous hairs. Wings brownish, tinged with ferruginous on the proximal
half and along the costa ; brown clouds on the bifurcation of the third vein, and on the
transverse vein at the base of the second posterior cell ; central crossveins also clouded,
posterior cell coarctate. Length, 17-21 mm. I have seen a specimen only 15 mm. long.

Hab. Florida. Seven female specimens, partly from my own collecting, partly from
Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz. (Ft. Capron, Florida, April 21-24.)

The diflerences between this species and T. fronto have been fully explained under the
head of the latter.

4. Tabanus fuscopunctatus. ;2««= ;8"^f. ?"2C

Tabanus fuscopunctatus Macqimrt, Dijit. Exot., 4' Siipiil., p. 34, 108.

Female. Palpi reddish ; face grayish yellow in some specimens, with brown hairs on the
cheeks, in others these hairs are yellowish ; antennae red ; third joint almost crescent-
shaped, its upper angle being drawn out in the shape of a curved point, or horn ;
front grayish yellow ; callus chestnut brown, wdth a linear prolongation above. Thorax
of a dark reddish brown, with a slight grayish pollen ; a tuft of whitish hairs on each side,
between the root of the wings and the scutellum ; the latter dark reddish brown ; pleurae
clothed with dense yellowish hairs, especially near the humerus, and under the root of the
wings ; in some specimens there is a tuft of black hairs in the middle. Abdomen reddish
brown or blackish brown ; a subtriangular small white spot in the middle of the hind mar-
gin of segments 1-6 ; no perceptible white border on the hind margins of the segments,
except on the sides, which show the usual triangles of appressed pubescence. Venter
brown ; incisures yellowish Avhite ; in an oblique light the w'hole venter appears sericeous,
from a microscopic whitish pubescence. Legs reddish, sometimes brownish red ; hind tibiae
with a distinct fringe of hair. Wings subhyaline on their distal and posterior half ; large
and well marked blackish brown clouds on the central crossveins, the crossveins at the base

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 433

of the second and third posterior cells, and on the bifurcation of the third vein ; costal cell,
stigma and proximal half ol the fifth vein, brownish ferruginous, sometimes brownish ;
basal cells also somewhat infuscated ; extreme tips of the second vein and of the upper
branch of the third vein in some specimens slightly clouded with brown. Length, 21-
25 mm.

Ilah. Florida; South Carolina; Georgia (Macq.) ; seems to be a common species (Sea
Islands, S. C, June 2d, B. P. Mann ; Haulover, Fla., March 16, Sand Point, Fla., March 21,
E. Schwarz ; Indian River, Fla., E. Palmer). I have seven female .specimens before me.

This species is easily distinguished from the two preceding by the shape of the third
antennal joint, the upper angle of which is drawm out in a long point, the uniformly red or
reddish brown coloring of the legs, the more hyaline posterior half of the wings, the much
smaller white spots on the abdouien, etc. The shade of the brown on the body is not ira-
Hke that of T. americanus, which species also resembles 2\ ficscojmncfatus in the conspic-
uous white tufts of hair above the root of the wings, the color and shape of the antennne,
etc. The hairs on the cheeks and pleuroe of this species are very variable in coloring.

T.fuscopunctatiis differs in many respects from the group of species (No. 1-11), among
which it is here placed, — in coloring and markings, in the shape of the third antennal joint
and in the coloring of the eyes. The latter, instead of having the two nearly parallel
green stripes, common to all those species, have a single narrow green stripe on purple
ground, the lower portion of the eyes being again green.

Macquart describes a damaged specimen, and for this reason does not mention the spots
on the abdomen; the description of the antenna3, the comparison to T. ritjicornis (Syn.
T. americanus Forster), etc., leaves no doubt about the identification.

5. Tabanus catenatus.

Tabanus catenatus Walker, List, etc., I, p. 148.

Female. Palpi pale reddish ; face pale yellowish white ; antennne pale red ; annulate
portion of the third joint neax-ly as long as the body of the joint, its upper angle sharp,
projecting, but not drawn out ; front yellowish gray, callus reddish brown, with a somewhat
spindle-shaped prolongation above. Thorax reddish brown, the usual longitudinal lines of
yellowish white pollen very distinct ; pleurte yellowish white or whitish yellow, clothed with
long hairs of the same color ; a short streak of Ijlack hair above the root of the wings.
Abdomen distinctly attenuated posteriorly, brown above, each segment with a narrow and
long white triangle in the middle ; sides of the abdomen margined with a yellowish white
pubescence; ground color of the venter brown, concealed under a dense microscopic whit-
ish pubescence ; incisures whitish. Legs reddish or brownish red, tarsi somewhat darker.
Wings slightly tinged with brownish, more distinctly pale reddish brown near the basis and
in the costal cell ; central crossveins, crossveins at the base of the second and third posterior
cells and the bifurcation of the third vein, more or less distinctly, although not very
strongly, clouded with brown ; the first posterior cell is not perceptibly coarctate. Length,
23-24 mm.

Male. Head but little larger than that of the female, and but a little more convex ;
large and small facets distinctly sej^arated ; the large ones, however, not quite so large as in
other species. The abdomen usually a little paler brown than in the female. Length, 20-
21 mm.

MEM0IB3 B03T. SOC. NAT. BIST. VOL. n. 109

434 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S rRODROME

Ilcih. New York, Pennsylvania, Mainland, Sonth Carolina (B. P. Mann) ; Connecticut
(Sonthington, in July ; W. H. Patton). I have three males and two females before me.

This species is easily distinguished from its relations by the shape of the white abdominal
triangles, which are long and narrow, two or three times longer than broad, and not nearly
equilateral, as in the other species. The shape of the abdomen is very jieculiar, as it ap-
pears laterally compressed towards the tip (I did not take note, however, how the abdomen
appears in the living specimens). The brown clouds on the wings are less marked in this
species than in the three preceding ones ; sometimes they are nearly obsolete.

The eyes of the female have two rather broad green bands on purple ground ; the lower
l^and at the end is bent toward the upper one ; thus the interval between them, very nar-
row near the front, becomes broader at the opjaosite end.

T. catenaius ^Yalker (Massachusetts) seems to agree with this species, although the iden-
tification is not certain. The variety, described by Walker, Vol. V, p. 172, is a totally
different species. T. recedens Walker, may also be this species ; but the description does
not agree so well as that of T. catenatus.

6. Tabanus abdominalis.

Tabanus abdominalis Fabricius, Syst. Antl., p. 96, 15. (Jlicseian Hose.)

f Tabanus ahdominalis Palisot Be.iuvois, Ins., p. 101, Tab. II, f. 4. (1809.)

? Tabamcs abdominalis Wiedemann, Dipt. exot. I, p. 65, 6; Auss. Zw., I, p. 116, 7.

This species and the next following are either unusually variable, or there are several
closely allied species, very difficult to distinguish. With the material which I have before
me I am unable to unravel these difficulties, and I believe that they can be solved only by
observations made in the localities where these species occur, observations which would
define the limits of the variation of each species.

I will first describe here that species, or variety of a species, which I take to be nearest
to the original type of Fabricius's description ; and having done this, I will pi'oceed to de-
scribe the different forms which I have before me, and which may be either mei'e varieties
or distinct species.

An incidental remark of Macquart's, in the introductory paragraph to the genus Tabanus
in the first volume of the Dipteres Exotiques (p. 116), throws more light on Fabricius's
T. abdominalis than the author's short descriptions. Macquart names T. ahdominalis
among the species with a closed first posterior cell. Where did he derive the knowledge of
th^character ? T. ahdominalis does not appear anywhere else in his works, nor is the char-
acter mentioned in Fabricius or Wiedemann. The probable and only possible explanation
is, that he saw in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, the specimen of Bosc's collection
originally described by Fabricius, as expressly stated in the Systema Antliatorum (Bosc's
collection, as well known, is incorporated in that of the Museum). If the specimens from
Fabricius's own collection, which Wiedemann described, or his own specimens, had had a
closed first posterior cell, that conscientious and careful author would certainly have men-
tioned this character, rather miusual among Tabanida3. Wiedemann's silence proves that
the specimens which he saw had the first posterior cell open ; in Palisot's figure that cell is
also represented as open ; and, in fact, the specimens with a closed cell are comparatively
rare.

OF THE TABAXIDiE OF THE UXITED STATES. 435

As the original T. ahdominalis Fab. had the first posterior cell dosed, we will begin by
describing, as typical, the specimens partaking of this character, without inquiring, for the
present, whether it is specific or merely adventitious.

Female. Face pale yellowish gray with pale hair on the checks ; palpi dusk}^ yellowish,
with short black hair, which gives them a darker appearance ; front rather narrow, brownish,
mixed with gray; frontal callus longer than broad, chestnut broAvn or dark brown, with a
somewhat spindle-shaped pi'olongation above ; antennoe red ; basal joints clothed with short
black hair; third joint rather broad, with a rather rectangidarly projecting upper angle;
annulate portion black, the region immediately preceding it often more or less brownish.
Thorax brownish gray, with alternate gray lines and darker strij^es ; the former, in well
preserved specimens, are clothed with short, golden yellow hairs (visible under the lens
only). Pleurae of a dingy yellowish gray, with hairs of the same color ; a fringe of black-
ish hair above the root of the wings. Scutellum bro■\\^lish at the base, more reddish pos-
teriorly. Abdomen brownish rufous, with whitish triangles in the middle of the segments,
those on segments 2-4 differing but little in size, that on segment five smaller ; a distinct
black spot clothed with black pile intervenes between the apex of the triangle on the second
segment and the hind margin of the first. The hind margins of the segments have borders
of fulvous hair on reddish yellow ground, becoming broader laterally ; the last segments
are darker, the black pile upon them being more dense ; the sides of the segments usually
have blackish spots, overgrown with black pile, in their anterior corners. Venter yellowish
rufous ; last segment with some blackish hair. Legs : front coxfB clothed with gra}' pollen,
darker towards the tip ; a tuft of whitish hairs near the base, on the outside ; front femora,
distal half of tibiae and tarsi, dark brown ; proximal half of tibia? yellowish white ; middle
legs brown, tibite more or less yellowish white on the proximal half; hind femora brown,
beset with pale hairs ; tibio3 yellowish brown, paler at base, and with a fringe of black hair
on the outside ; tarsi brown. Wings with a distinct brownish tinge ; crossveins at the base
of the second, third and fifth jDosterior cells, as well as the bifurcation of the third vein,
with distinct brown clouds ; first posterior cell closed, the third and fourth veins uniting a
short distance before the margin.

I have three female specimens answering this description ; two from the Middle States
(pi'obably District of Columbia) ; one from Illinois ; unfortunately, only one of them has
the markings on the abdomen well preserved. Length, 18-20 mm.

Having thus described the specimens which come nearest to Fabricius's type, I will pro-
ceed to notice the aberrant specimens which I have before me, whether they be varieties
or species.

I have fourteen females and three males (principally of my own collecting in the District
of Columbia ; also from Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey), which resemble the above
described T. ahdominalis very much, but have the first posterior cell open, although
strongly coarctate. All the females, at the same time, have a distinctly broader front. In
other respects, I do not perceive any prominent distinctive characters. The abdominal tri-
angles in these specimens seem to be narrower and more yellowish, the abdomen appears
more uniformly rufous, without distinct black spots on the sides, etc., but as, of the typical
form, I have only a single specimen with well preserved abdominal markings, I cannot de-
cide whether the differences just stated are permanent or only accidental. The males have
subhemispherical heads, with a well marked dividing line between the large and small

430 C. R. OSTEN SACIiEN'S PRODROME

fiicets of the eye ; they are more brownish in color, the abdomen especially ; each abdomi-
nal triangle has a dark sj^ot at its apex, the lateral margins of the segments, anteriorly, are
also marked with black, etc. Length, female, 18-22 mm ; the average about 20 mm. ; malej
20 mm.

TsYO well preserved females from Kentucky (F. G. Sanborn) are still darker in coloring ; the
face and pleura?, with the hairs upon them, are more yellowish ; the abdomen is of a bright
reddish fulvous ; in the middle of the anterior margin of each segment there is a black
spot, small on the second, much larger on the following segments, where it is bilobed ; the
white triangles are replaced by ill-defined yellowish ones, merging into the yellowish hind
margin of segments; the sides of the aljdomen are almost uniformly reddish fulvous, with
no yellow spots and only vestiges of black ones ; wings strongly tinged with brown, darker
than in the preceding variety ; first posterior cell very much coarctate. Length, 21 mm.

I am inclined to think that T. abdominalis is a very variable S2Decies, and that all these
forms are but varieties of the same species. At the same time I acknowledge that the
coincidence of a closed first posterior cell with a narrower front, as I find it in three sj^eci-
mens, cannot be easily explained away, without other facts to invalidate its importance.

7. Tabanus tectus n. sp.

Female. Face pale yellowish gray, hairs on the cheeks of the same color ; palpi reddish
brown, closely beset with short, black hair ; front yellowish gray, Avith a brownish shade in
the middle, moderately broad ; callosity dark brown, or reddish brown, somewhat convex ;
the line above it elongate spindle-shaped, sometimes forming a distinctly elevated ridge;
two first antcnnal joints black, or nearly so, the third red, annulate portion black ; the
narrow jjortion which precedes it is sometimes more or less brownish ; upper angle project-
ing, nearly rectangular. Thorax brownish, with alternating brownish stripes and narrower
whitish lines, and clothed with a yellowish gray i:)ollen ; pleurte yellowish gray, slightly
reddish in the middle ; this reddish region has some black pile upon it ; a fringe of black
pile before the root of the wings. Abdomen yellowish brown, with a yellowish sjjot on the
first segment, and yellowish white triangles on segments two to five ; those on segments
two, three and four, in well preserved specimens, are rather large ; that on segment five is
small and narrow ; no trace of white on the following segments ; a more or less distinct
blackish spot on the apex of one or two of the anterior triangles ; hind margins of the seg-
ments whitish yellow, with a golden yellow fringe of hairs, expanding laterally ; on each
side the anterior corners of the segments are more or less darkened ; towards the tip the
abdomen is nearly brownish and somewhat compressed laterally, so as to become slightly
roof-shaped ; venter reddish bi'own, or brownish red ; hind margins of segments yellowish,
beset with golden yellow hair. Legs brown ; front legs darker ; all the tibite somewhat
yellowish white at the base. Wings with a distinct brownish tinge ; crossveins at the end
of the discal cell, and bifurcation of third vein, distinctly clouded with brown ; crossveins
at the base of the two last posterior cells also somewhat clouded ; first posterior cell dis-
tinctly coarctate.

3Iale. The upper part of the head is much smaller than in T. ahdommalis (in the vari-
ety, at least, with the open posterior cell) ; hence, the dividing line between the large and
small facets lies much higher here, nearly in the middle of the eye, instead of below the

OF TTIE TABAXIDJ5 OF THE UNITED STATES. 437

the middle, and the space occupied hjtlie hirge facets is much smallei-. The whitish yellow
pollen on the thorax is more dense, concealing the darker longitudinal stripes ; the pleurae
have a tuft of brown hair in the middle ; the discs of the discal and the posterior cells are
more distinctly grayish, less brown, so that in the discal cell a distinct limit is visible be-
tween a brownish shadow at the base and along the fourth vein, and the lighter color of the
disc ; (the females show the same coloring of the discal cell, but much less distinctly). The
abdomen is very distinctly roof-shaped towards the tip. Length, 19-20 mm.

Hali. Six females and two males, caught by myself near Doubling Gap, in the Penn-
sylvania Momitains.

Three females from Dallas, Texas (Boll), have the abdomen flatter, less roof-shaped ;
the white abdominal triangles are a little smaller, nari-ower, but more jwinted, and with a
more definite outline ; there is a distinct white line in the middle of the sixth segment (of
which there is not a vestige in the typical specimens) ; in other respects, the resemblance
between these specimens and those from Pennsylvania is veiy great, and I leave the ques-
tion of their specific identity in aliej'ance. I have seen a similar specimen from Tennessee
(C. V. Riley), and one from Virginia.

T. tectns resembles T. ahdornliudls in general appearance very much; the male, as no-
ticed above, has a smaller head, the abdomen in both sexes differs in its outline, being more
narrowed posteriorly ; the coloring of the abdomen is more brownish than reddish, the
white triangles broader, less j-ellowish, the first posterior cell a httle less coarctate ; the
frontal callosity' usuallj^ darker and a little shorter, etc.

8. Tabanus variegatus.

Tabanus varieffxtus F;il)ricius, Syst. Antl., p. 95, 10; Wiedoniaiiii, Dipt. Exot., I, p. 67, 11 ; Auss. Zw., I
p. 120, 13.

Tabanus sukifrons Mao<in.irt, Dipt. Exot., S' Suppl., p. .33, 127 (Macquart has fukifrons, evitlently a,
misprint).

" Lilacino-rubidus ; abdomine badio, albo-maculato ; alls fusco-maculatis, margine iuterno
fusco-limbatis."

{Translation.) "xbitenno3 brownish black, root of the third joint reddish yellow; flice
gray ; front cinereous, with a bro^^^l, smooth line, and an almost square callosity. Thorax
lilac reddish, with five whitish lines, in well preserved specimens with white hairs on the
sides, posteriorly. Aljdomen chestnut brown, verging into ferruginous brown ; the anterior
segments on the sides anteriorl}- with lJro^\•nish Ijlack spots, the fifth and the following
almost altogether black ; all the incisures, laterally, whitish ; the whitish triangular spots in
the middle of the segments end anteriorly, on the second and third segments, in a small
brown stripe ; last segment altogether black. Wings actually of a whitish color {loirkUeh
von loeisslicher Farhe) ; costal cell, apex and hind mai'gin pale l^rownish ; crossveins with
saturate brown clouds ; halteres brown with a whitish knob. Legs brown ; base of tibiae
ochre-brown. From Fabricius's collection. Length, 9 lines ; (19.5 mm.).

'• Sab. North America."

I translate Wiedemann's description, because he had Fabricius's specimens before him. I
possess three specimens from District of Columbia and Maryland, which agree with this
description. The middle portion of their wings is whitish, the hind margin has a distinct

t

ilEMOlRS BOST. SOC. NAT. HIST. VOL. U. HO

438 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

brownish border ; the tliorax is clothed with a dense whitish pollen, which, with the reddish
ground color visible through it, produces the appearance which Wiedemann calls lilac red-
dish {lilacino-ruh'xJna ; observe that he calls lilac brownish, the thorax of T. ynolestus).
These characters easily distinguish well preserved specimens of this species from T. techis ;
at the same time they are merely differences in coloring, and not plastic characters, and
therefore unsatisfactory. The, as yet, unknown male of this species may afford some char-
acters distinguishing it from the very well-marked male of T. tectus.

T. s^dcifrons Macq., is this species, as the description of the wings proves. The furrow
on the front, mentioned by Macquart, is adventitious, and not a specific character.

At the time when Fabricius described this species (1805), there existed a much older
Tahanus variegatus, that of DeGeer ; as the latter, however, is very probably the same as
Chrysops costatus Fabricius, I do not see any necessity for proposing a new name for
T. variegatus Fab.

9. Tabanus molestus.

Tahanus molesttis Say, Jouni. Ac. riiil., Ill, p. 31, 1 ; Wiedcmanii, Auss. Z\v., I, p. 12.5, 21.

Female. Palpi reddish, clothed with minute black hairs ; ftice white, with white hairs
(in older specimens yellowish) ; front brownish gray, with a In-own spot in the middle ;
frontal callosity chestnut-brown, a little longer than broad, prolonged upwards as a spindle-
shaped line. Antenna? black, with some vestiges of reddish on the first and second joints ;
sometimes the third joint is reddish at the base ; its upper angle more or less projecting.
Thorax brown, with well marked white longitudinal lines, formed by short white hairs on a
whitish ground color ; the reddish scutellum in well preserved specimens appears white
from a white pollen and white pubescence. Pleura) white, with white hairs (yellowish in
older specimens) ; a stripe of black hairs between the root of the wings and the humerus.
Abdomen dark brown, often nearly black ; on the first segment there is a white spot under
the scutellum ; hind margins of segments with narrow white borders, expanding into white
triangles in the middle ; the triangle on the second segment is small, hardly reaching the
middle of the segment ; those on the third and fourth segments are the largest ; those on
the fifth and sixth segments are again smaller ; the white posterior borders of the segments
expand on the sides, so as to occupy the whole lateral margin. Venter densely clothed
with a whitish microscopic pubescence ; incisures whitish ; last segments more brownish.
Legs black or brown ; til:)i;\3 reddish Ijrown, blackish towards the tip ; in well preserved
specimens the four posterior tibia) show a dense, white pul)escence. Wings subhyaline,
slightly tinged with pale brownish ; stigma brown ; very faint, hardly apparent vestiges of
brown clouds on the crossveins and at the bifurcation of the third vein ; first posterior cell
not coarctate. Length, 18-20 mm.

Ilab. District of Columbia, Kentucky (Bee Spring in June, F. G. Sanborn), Georgia,
Missouri. Ten females.

The very large size of the white triangles on the third and fourth abdominal segments, in
contrast to the small size of the ti-iangle on the second segment and the white scutellum,
helps to distinguish this species from those to which it has a superficial resemblance. The
stripes on the eyes of the female are very like those of T. trbnacidatus.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 439

The identification can hardly be called in doubt, although Say does not expressly men-
tion the triangle on the second segment. Wiedemann must have had an older specimen, as
he calls the antennaj and the legs brown and not black. The words " Wurzel und Spitze
des dritten Gliedes guttgelb," contain some Icqjsits. Dr. Redtenbacher kindly examined
Wiedemann's type in Vienna for me, and his answer to my inquiry satisfied me of the cor-
rectness of my identification.

10- Tabanus trimaculatus.

Tabanus trhnacidatus Pal. Beaiivois, Ins. Dii>t. Tab. I, f. 5 ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., I, p. 137, 40 (repro-
duction of Palisot's description) ; ibi<l., p. 132, 33 (Wiedemann's own description, doubtfully identified with
Palisot's) ; Maeqnart, Dipt. Exot. I, 1, p. 14-2.

Tabanus qidnqucUneatus Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., I, [i. 200, 11.

Female. Palpi whitish yellow, clothed with minute black hairs ; face white, with white
hairs ; front brownish gray, witli a brown spot in the middle ; frontal callosity reddish
brown, seldom dark brown, somewhat longer than broad, with a more or less spindle-shaped
prolongation above. Antennae black, sometimes a little reddish on the first joint ; upper
angle of the third joint sharp, projecting, but not drawn out in a point. Thorax brown,
with well marked white longitudinal lines, formed by short white hairs on a whitish ground
color ; scutelliun clothed with a whitish pollen and pubescence, through which the brownish
ground color is visible. Pleurte white, with white hairs ; a stripe of black hairs between the
root of the wings and the humerus. Abdomen deep black or brown opaque ; on each of the
segments three-five a white triangle in the middle ; lateral margins of all segments white ; (in
some specimens the second segment has two very faint whitish dots in the middle, and at a
considerable distance from each other). Center with a broad brown longitudinal stripe in
the middle ; its sides whitish. Legs : femora black or brown, clothed with a white pubes-
cence ; tibiie yellowish white, black at tip ; tarsi black. Wings subhyaline, slightly tinged
with pale brownish ; stigma brown ; faint brownish clouds on the crossveins and on the
bifurcation of the third vein ; first posterior cell slightly coarctate at the end, in some spec-
imens more than in others. Length, 17-19 mm.

Male. Head subhemispherical, with a distinct demarcation between the large and small
facets ; in the dry specimen the region occupied by the large facets is whitish, with a broad
brown crossband over both eyes ; (in this i-espect very like the male of T. coffeatus).
Length, 17 mm.

Hah. District of Columbia, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Illinois, Georgia (Ent.
Soc. Phil.); Carolina (Macq.). Ten females and one male.

The eyes of the female show two 2)arallel, rather narrow green bands, on purple ground ;
the interval between them is twice as broad as the bands themselves, and almost equally
broad at both ends ; (colors revived on moist sand).

Except in the coloring of abdomen and legs, this species has a most striking resemblance
to T. molestus ; (hence Wiedemann, 1. c, compares both species). A very characteristic
mark of the species (besides the three triangles or segments three-five), and the absence of
them on the first and second segments, is the broad brown longitudinal stripe on the venter.
The scutellum is less white here than in T. molestus, and does not much diifer in coloring
from the rest of the thorax. The average length of T. trimaculatus is smaller than that
of T. molestus.

440 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

The synonymy of Macquart's T. qiiinqHeliiiealus I consider as certain. The description
of the venter is especially convincing ; (" ventre a, large bande noire longitudinale").

11. Tab anus tener n. sp.

Female. Palpi pale reddish, clothed with whitish pollen and white and black hairs ; face
white, yellowish aronnd the antennae, with white hairs on the cheeks ; front grayish, Ijrown
in the middle, yellowish gray above the antennae ; frontal callosity reddish brown, a little
longer than broad, wdth a linear prolongation above ; prevailing color of the antennae black,
the vestiges of reddish on the first two joints are almost concealed under black hairs ; base
of the third joint more or less, sometimes hardly perceptibly, reddish ; upper angle of this
joint well-marked, but not very sharp. Thorax lilac-reddish, with the usual white lines
formed by a grayish pollen ; the pale reddish ground color of the pleura? is almost con-
cealed under a whitish pollen and white hairs ; a fringe of brown hairs from the humerus
backwards; a small tuft of blackish hairs in front of the scutcllum. Abdomen of the same
color as the thorax, which color is softened by a thin layer of whitish pollen ; the segments
have large but faint and easily rubbed off triangles in the middle, formed by a short white
pubescence on whitish ground ; lateral margins also whitish. Venter of the same color as
the abdomen, with the same thin covering of whitish pollen and Avhitish incisures. Front
legs dark brown, proximal half of the tibia? lighter brown ; four posterior legs reddish
brown, with whitish hairs. Wings subhj'aline ; very faint, almost oljsolete, brownish clouds
on the bifurcation of the third vein and at the base of the second posterior cell ; stigma
brown; first posterior cell not coarctate. Length, 17-18 mm.

Hab. Geoi'gia (J. Ridings) ; Indian River, Florida (E. Palmer). Four females.

This species is difficult to describe from the want of any well-marked charactei's. It is
distinguished l)y a peculiar soft reddish brown coloring, and the faintness of the white
abdominal triangles, which are very easily rubbed off. The comparatively small thorax
and somcAvhat narrow al.)domen make its shape appear more elongated than that of tlie
other speaies of the same group. The evanescent spots at the base of the bifurcation of
the third vein and of the second posterior cell will also fixcilitate its recognition.

The eyes (softened on moist sand) showed two faint greenish crossbands, converging at
the outer end. For some time I thought that this might be T. gracilis Wied. ; but Wiede-
mann gives the size as five and two-thirds Rhenish lines, while it slionld be eight and one-
half in order to render the identification possible.

12. Tabanus melanocerus.

Tahaiius melaiiocenis Wioilemann, A\iss. Zw. I, p. 1-2, 10.

? Tahanus exoist.uans Liniic, Syst. N;it., 11, p. lOOO, 8 ; DeGoer, VI, p. 2-29, 8 ; Tub., XXX, f. 5 ; Fabvieius,
Ent. Syst., IV, p. mb, 13 ; Syst. Aiitl, p. 90, 12.

Female. Palpi whitish, clothed with minute black hairs ; face white, with white hairs ;
front l)rownish, mixed with gray ; frontal callosity reddish brown, sometimes dark brown,
longer than broad, with a linear prolongation above ; antenna? black, more or less reddish
at the basis of the third joint ; this joint is broad, its upper angle projecting. Thorax gray,
with whitish longitudinal lines ; (the color of the thoracic dorsum and scutellum in some-
what worn sjjecimens shows traces of reddish ; but in a very fresh and well-preserved spec-

OF THE TABAXID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 441

men from Florida, it is of a dull cinereous, with whitisli lines ; its surface is clothed with
short black hairs, especially a2)parent at the base of the scutellum). Pleurae grayish white,
with white hairs ; a fringe of black hair between the humerus and the root of the wings.
Abdomen black or dark brown; the hind margins of the segments have white borders, ex-
panding into large Avhite triangles in the middle, and becoming broader towards the lateral
margins; segments six and seven show but vestiges of white. Venter brown, or reddish
brown, more whitish on the sides ; hind margins of segments white. Legs : femora black or
brown, the four posterior ones with whitish hairs ; tibi* j'ellowish white, blackish at tip ;
distal half of front til)ia3 black. "Wings grayish subhyaline ; stigma brown, its environs
sometimes faintly tinged with l:)rownish ; iirst posterior cell considerably coarctate at the
tip, sometimes nearly closed. Length, 17-19 mm.

Hab. Mississippi, Alabama, tJeorgia (J. Ridhigs) ; Cedar Keys, Florida (June 4, E.
Schwarz) ; Kentucky (Wied.). Five females.

The identification of Wiedemann's description cannot be doubtful, as the coarctate pos-
tei'ior cell easily helps to recognize this species. There is a superficial resemblance between
T. mekmocerus and T. molestus, but they are easily distinguished by the size of the trian-
gle on the second abdominal segment, which is nearly of the same size as on the third seg-
ment in melanocerus, but two or three times smaller in molestus. T. melanocerus, like
T. coffeatus, has no crossbands on the ej-es.

I have seen this species in some European collections under the name of T. exct'stuans
Linn., the original type of whicli, figured in DeGeer, was from Surinam. There is nothing
in the descriptions of Liinie, DeGeer' and Fabricius, to prevent this identification. At the
same tune, in view of the shortness of these descri^itions and of the difference in the local-
ity, it will be safer to retain Wiedemann's name, the identification of which cannot in the
least be doubtful. Wiedemann quotes T. cxa'stuans among the species he had not seen.

13. Tabanus coffeatus.

Tahanus cojfcatua Macquart, 1' Supjil., ]>. "J.i, 109; male.

? Tabanus niffn'pes "Wietlcnianii, Auss. Zw., I, ]>. 14:2, 50 ; male.

Female. Palpi 3'ellowish white, clothed on their distal half with minute Ijlack hairs ;
face white, with white hairs ; front dark grayish, mixed with blackish Inown ; frontal
callosity reddish brown or dark brown, but little longer than broad, with a linear prolonga-
tion above ; subcallus often denuded ; antcnme black, a vestige of reddish at the base of
the third joint ; this joint rather broad, its upper angle oljtuse. Thorax gray, with Avhitish
longitudinal lines ; (well preserved specimens show a broad stripe of gray pollen, more
dense on each side, and with a fine longitudinal line in the middle). Pleura^ graA-ish Avhite,
with white hairs mixed with a few black ones ; a fringe of black laid between the humerus
and the root of the wings. Abdomen brownish black ; the hind margins of the segments
have white borders expanding into large white triangles in the middle, and becoming
broader towards the lateral margins ; segments six and seven shoAV but vestiges of Avliite.
Venter brownish black, hind margins of the segments white. Legs black ; tibite more or

^DeGeer's figure shows broad abdominal crossbands and cation with T. mdanocerus.
no triangles, which, if correct, would be against the identifi-

442 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

less brownish at base ; the legs are clothed with whitish hairs, especially on the til)ia) ; but
they appear to have tliat color in a certain light only. Wings grayish subhyaline ; stigma
brown; first posterior cell not coarctate. Length, 13-14 nun.

As the description shows, this species very much resembles T. melanocerus ; it diflers
principally in its smaller size, the much darker coloring of the tibiae, and especially in the
fii-st posterior cell not Ix'ing coarctate at all. The eyes in tLis species, as in the preceding,
are miiformly colored in life, and not banded.

Male. Altogether brownish ; thorax with a Ijroad stripe of grayish pollen anteriorly,
which is darker in the middle (thus producing the appearance of two stripes, separated by
a dark interval); abdomen with rather narrow whitish gray posterior borders on the seg-
ments, exjianded into small triangles in the middle ; on the venter the same v.diitish hind
borders of the segments ; pleuraj clothed with blackish hair ; legs dark brown, tibice faintly
reddish. Wings nearly hyaline, stigma brownish ; sometimes a faint brownish cloud behind
it. Head large ; subhemispherical ; in dry specimens the lower, small facets are black, the
upper ones have a broad brown crossband on whitish ground. Antennae brown, third
joint reddish at the base ; lace brownish gray, beset with black hairs ; palpi black ; sub-
callus brown (denuded in both of my specimens). Length, 13-14 mm.

Hah. District of Columbia; Delaware; New York; Florida (Waldo, Fla., 2d June,
1875, Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz) ; one of the males is from Massachusetts. Ten fe-
males ; two males.

I little doubt that the above described male and female belong to the same species, and
on this assumption I adopt the name coffeatus, as Macquart describes the male only. The
identification of his description seems certain to me. The words " partie anterieure du
front a callosite brune," are particulai'ly convincing. It is not usual to speak of the callos-
ity in describing a male specimen ; but in the present species the subcallus in both sexes
is often denuded, and for this reason attracted Macquart's attention. This circumstance
would also serve to confirm, if any confirmation were needed, the specific identity of the two
sexes.

Wiedemann's description of T. nigi-ij^es (he also had a male specimen) agrees very well
with the male of T. coffeatus, only the size (7 German lines = about 15.3 mm.) is a little
too large. Between the two descriptions I preferred the one which I considered the more
certain.

14. Tabanus Orion n. sp.

Female. Palpi dark brownish red, clothed with short black hairs ; face yellowish white,
with yellowi.sh white hairs ; front whitish yellow above the antenna? ; brownish, mixed with
yellowish and grayish above the frontal callosity ; the latter longer than broad, attenuated
above and gradually merging in the linear prolongation ; its color, in all my specimens, is
brownish red. Antenna} reddish ; first joint with some black hairs above ; third joint, red
at the base only, otherwise black ; upper corner well marked. Thorax reddish brown,
clothed with a whitish pollen, forming more or less distinct whitish Hues (the appearance of
the thoracic dorsum is very variable in this species, according to the degree of preservation,
or perhaps also to the age of the specimen at the time of its death ; in well preserved spec-

OF THE TABANIDiE OF THE UNITED STATES. 443

imens I perceive a short, black pubescence, covering the whole dorsum). Pleura3 brown,
clothed with dense whitish pollen and white hairs ; a fringe of black hairs back of the
humerus. Abdomen brown, with a comparatively small triangular or subtriangular white
spot in the middle of the hind margins of each segment ; lateral margins of the segments
whitish. Venter brown, with a whitish pollen on the sides, leaving a more or less distinct
broad, brown longitudinal stripe in the middle. Legs almost uniformly reddish brown, tips
of front tibia3 and the tarsi but little darker. Wings unicolorous, very distinctly tinged
with pale brownish ; first posterior cell broadly open. Length, 23-25 mm.

Male. I have a single specimen, which, I have no doubt, belongs to this species. The
face is brownish gray ; the body more uniformly brown. The head is large, but less sub-
hemispherical than in T. ahdominalis, coffeatus and trhnacidahcs ; the division of the
large and small facets is well marked; the eyes, in tlie dry specimen, are altogether
unicolorous. Length, 20-21 mm.

Hah. Canada (Belanger, Couper, Provancher) ; Nahant, Mass. (Prof. L. Agassiz) ; Suf-
field. Conn. (G. Dimmock) ; Beverly, Mass. (E. Burgess). The male specimen is from the
State of New York. I have eight females and one male.

This species will be easily distinguished from T. Actaon by its large size, the coloring of
the abdomen, the non-coarctate first posterior cell, etc. ; but most easily by the coloring of
the front tibiae, which in T. Adcpon are almost whitish yellow at the base, and much darker
towards the tip. The eyes of T. Orion ? , seem to be unicolorous ; at least softening on
wet sand did not bring out any stripes on them.

15. Tabanus Actcson n. ^\<.

Female. Paljji brownish red, densely clothed with short black hairs ; face whitish, with
white hairs ; front grayish, mixed with brownish in the middle ; in well preserved speci-
mens with some short blackish hairs on the vertex ; frontal callosity dark brown (in one of
the specimens brownish red), tapering off- into a linear prolongation. Antennae reddish,
with black hairs on the basal joints ; third joint reddish at base, the remainder dark brown
and black ; its upper angle sharp, projecting ; the narrow portion of the third joint is
rather elongate. Ground color of thorax reddish brown ; nevertheless the i^revailing color
of the dorsum is black, in consequence of four black, nearly coalescent strijies, the two
middle ones not reaching the scutellum ; these black stripes, in well preserved specimens,
are separated by lines of gray pollen. Pleurae grayish white. Abdomen brownish red or
reddish brown ; a comparatively small white triangle in the middle of the hind border of
each segment, surmounted by a dark spot, which connects it with the edge of the preced-
ing segment ; incisures and lateral margins of segments whitish. Venter clothed with a
dense whitish pollen, and with a broad brown longitudinal stripe in the middle. Femora
brownish, with whitish pollen and whitish hairs ; front and middle tibios whitish yellow,
brown towards the tiji ; the hind tibia? brownish yellow or yellowish brown. Wings unicol-
orous, with a uniform, pale brownish tinge ; first posterior cell very slightly attenuated.
Length, 19-21 mm.

Hah. Massachusetts; Connecticut; Minnesota; Wisconsin; Canada. Seven female
specimens. The eyes of this species seem to be unicolorous.

414 C. II. OSTEN SACKEN'S rRODROME

16. Tabanus cymatophorus n. sp.

Female. Face whilisli, with Avliite hairs on the cheeks ; palpi brown, densely clothed
Avith black hairs ; front grajish, with a yellowish tinge immediately above the antenna3,
and a brownish one above the callosity ; the latter suboval, dark brown, prolonged in a line
above ; vertex graj- ; antenn;e reddish Inown, third joint dark brown towards the end.
Thoracic dorsmn grayish, with four broad blackish stripes sepai'ated by grayish lines; sides
of the dorsum gray, separated from the pleurte by a fringe of blackish hairs ; tnfts of
longer white hairs between the root of the wings and the scutellum ; a small brown trian-
gle above the scutellnm, which is j^ellowish gray, with minnte white hairs ; pleurae and
pectus white, with white hairs. Knol) of halteres In-own, whitish at tip. First abdomi-
nal segment white, with brownish indistinct spots at the base ; segments two-four brown •
at base, which color expands into triangles on each side and into two diverging lobes
in the middle ; the posterior half of these segments is white, expanding into triangles,
which fdl out the intervals between the brown color ; segments five and six show the
same markings, only less distinctly. Venter brownish, on each side thinly clothed with
whitish pollen, which thus leaves a broad brownish longitudinal stripe in the middle ;
hind margins of segments wliitish. Legs black, base of tibiae white, which color occupies
more than half of the tibia on the intermediate pair, and less than half on the two other
pairs. Wings subhyaline ; dark brown clouds on crossveins, at the base of all posterior
cells, and on the bifurcation of third vein; stigma yellowish brown, rather pale ; first pos-
terior cell coarctate at its distal end. Length, 20 mm.

Hah. Kentucky, near Mammoth Cave (F. G. Sanborn). A single, but very well pre-
served specimen.

Tills species is not unlike T. lielnwardt'd Wied. in its general appearance and coloring,
but is much larger, the palpi are darker, the frontal callosity more elongated, the coloring
of the legs altogether different, the white design on the abdomen much better defined,
especially the middle triangles, which are larger, and connected posteriorly with the lateral
ones by a broad white border, etc.

17. Tabanus venustus n. sp.

Female. Face j^ellowish white ; palpi brownish, clothed with minute Ijlack hairs ; front
grayish yellow above the antennre, grayish l^rown aljove the callosity, and with a j^air of
dark brown spots in the middle ; callosity brown, not occupying the whole breadth of the
front, its linear prolongation not distinctly connected with it. Thorax In-own, with longi-
tudinal white lines ; scutellum clothed Avith Avhitish pollen. Abdomen broAvn, Avith AA'hite
triangles in the middle of the segments ; they are especiallj^ large on the second, third and
fourth segments ; segments three-six, on each side of the triangle, sIioaa" a Avhite s^iot. Venter
brownish, Avith Avhitish pollen, which leaves a broad broAvn longitudinal stripe in the middle.
Feet broAvn. Wings variegated Avith broAvn, as folloAvs : the root hj^aline ; immediately
beyond the humeral crossvein a broad brown crossband, reaching the posterior margin ;
another narrower and shorter crossband covering the crossveins at the base of the marginal,
first posterior and discal cells, is almost confluent AA'ith the first ; the Avhole posterior margin
is bordered Avith pale broAvn, Avhich border, bemg continued around the apex to the anterior

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 445

margin, expands into a large spot, coalescing with brown clouds at the origin of the fork of
the third vein and at the end of the discal cell ; first posterior cell distinctly attenuated.

3[aJe. Surroundings of the mouth and palpi clothed with blackish hair ; spots on the
abdomen replaced by broad whitish crossbands, especially on segments two to four ; in
other respects like the female. Length, 14-15 mm.

Hah. Dallas, Texas (Mr. Boll). A male and a female. Missouri, in July (C. V. Eiley).

The variegated wings of T. venusius being unique among the North American species,
will render it easily recognizable. The head of the male is comparatively small, not larger
than that of the female ; the large facets occupy their usual place, but the difference in
size Ijetween them and the small ones is so small that it requires a close attention to dis-
cover it.

18. Tabanus psammophilus n. s]i.

Female. Palpi short and stout, pale yellowish white ; face white, with white hairs ; front
gray, remarkably broad, somewhat convergent anteriorly ; callosity black, broader than
long, without any linear prolongation aljove ; antennas pale reddish yellow ; third joint
tinged with Ijrownish ; its annulate portion black ; in shape the third joint is comparatively
narrow, and not excised at all above, so that its upper angle is very little marked. Ground
color of the body dark, but almost entirely concealed under a white pubescence. Legs yel-
lowish, tips of tiljitx! and tarsi brownish. Wings whitish, with Ijrown veins ; a long stump
of a vein near the origin of the upper branch of the third vein; first posterior cell not
coarctate.

Male. Similar to the female, except in the sexual characters. Length rather variable,
from 11 to 15 mm.

Hah. Ft. Capron, Florida, April 10, 1875 (Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz), on the sea
beach ; four males and three females.

The uniformly whitish coloring of this species, the broad front, the transverse frontal
callosity, the long stamp of a vein on the fork, etc., render the species very easily recog-
nizable. I suppose that it is imiformly white in life ; most of the specimens before me
seem to have somewhat suffered from moisture, and have for this i-eason a darker coloring.

Li the male the difference between the large and small flicets on the eyes is very marked,
the latter occupy a comparatively small space on the underside, and are but little prolonged
along the posterior orbit. On the eyes of the female I perceive two approximate, bluish
stripes on green ground, the upper and lower portion of the eye being again dark blue (or,
in other words, the ground color is blue, with two broad green stripes, the broad interval
between which contains a third, much narrower green stripe).

Tabanus nanus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl., I, p. 42, from Texas, reminds one of the
present species ; but the size given (four lines) is by far too small for identification. At any
rate the name nanus cannot be used, being preoccupied by Wiedemann for a species from
the Cape.

19. Tabanus nivosus n. sp.

Female. Front of moderate breadth, parallel, brownish gray, with brown shadows ; fron-
tal callus pale brown, with a stout linear prolongation above ; face white, beset with white

MEMOIRS BOST. SOC. NAT. HIST. VOL. II. 112

446 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

down ; palpi ratlier stout at the Ijase of the second joint, j-ellowish white, beset with black-
ish hairs at the tip. Antennre : first joint reddish yellow, with a tuft of black hair on the
upper end; third joint lilack, j-ellowish at the extreme base onlj- ; excision shallow, and
hence, ujjper angle but little projecting; basal portion rather broad; annulate portion
short, stout. Thoracic dorsum dark brown, with faint whitish longitudinal lines ; the sides,
including the humeri, reddish ; beset with sparse golden yellow and whitish hairs ; scutel-
lum dark brown, beset with the same hairs. Plein-a; yellowish, with long, soft, white hairs.
Abdomen whitish pollinose, beset with a short, white pubescence ; in the middle of each
segment a bilolied (or truncate obcordate) brownish black spot, the largest on the second
segment, and diminishing in size on each successive segment ; the sides of the segments
(except the first) are brownish, this brown border gaining in breadth towards the end of
the abdomen. In badl}' preserved specimens the reddish ground color of the white poi--
tions of the abdomen appears. Venter grayish. Front legs brown, except the proximal
two thirds of the til)i;e, which are whitish j-ellow ; four posterior legs reddish yellow ; femora
and tips of tarsal joints Ijrownish ; tips of til)ia3 very slightly infuscated ; all the coxa) and
femora clothed with soft hairs ; tibia3 with short, whitish pile ; the hind tilji;e have a fringe
of liair, which, in a certain light, appears wliitish. Wings almost hyaline ; stigma pale
l)ro\vn ; the bifurcation and some of the crossveins have brown shadows, visible under the
magnilying glass only ; first posterior cell not attenuated.

Male. The white coloring of the abdomen, interrupted only by the middle row of l)i-
lobed blackish spots, is veiy striking in ray only specimen ; the face, and the hairs upon it,
are brownish gray (not white, as in the female) ; the legs are somewhat darkei-; the white
lines on the thorax are not visible. Head larger than that of the female, although not
sul (hemispherical ; on the eyes there is a yellowish border above the line of separation,
between the larger and the smaller facets. Length about lo mm.

Hah. New Jersej^ ; one male and two females (commimicated liy the American Ento-
mological Society).

The coloi-ing of the eyes (revived by moisture) in the female proved to be green, with a
faint vestige of a single purple crossband.

20. Tabanus vivax n. sp.

(?) 2\ihanus nmnjinalis Wit'cleiiiniin, Aiiss. Zw., I, p. IGO, 84.

Male. Face gray, with wliitish hairs below, and blackish ones on the sides ; second joint
of palpi reddish, with a gray pollen and with whitish and blackish hairs ; frontal triangle
(above the antennae) gray, black or brown at the tip ; antenna? : basal joints reddish yellow,
with Ijlack hairs, third joint black, reddish j^ellow at the extreme base only, elongate,
of moderate breadth, luit little excised above, the upper angle moderately jirojecting.
Thorax grayish Idack, with white longitudinal lines, a1)ljreviated jiosteriorly ; pleura) and
pectus grayish, clothed with long whitish hairs. Abdomen black ; on the first segment a
small white spot under the scutellum ; on each of the following segments a triangular white
spot on the hind margin, and an oljlique lateral white spot on each side, angular in shape
(owing to its being prolonged along the hind margin) ; on the second segment these lateral
spots are distinctly larger than the triangle in the middle ; they become smaller on the

OF THE TABANID/E OF THE UNITED STATES. 447

third and fourtli segments. Venter blackish, clothed with a white pollen, and Avith whitish
incisures. Legs black, beset with whitish hairs ; tibioc more or less reddish at base. Wings
hyaline, stigma brown ; first posterior cell open. Length, 14 mm.

The description was drawn from a very well preserved specimen which I took at
Trenton Falls, in July, 1874. I have another, less well preserved specimen, from Maine. I
also refer to this sj)ecies a female, from a doul>tful locality (Massachusetts?) too much faded,
however, to make it worth while to describe it.

The shape of the head of the described male specimens is very like that of T. nlvosus, it
is rather large, but not subhemispherical ; there is a very well marked division between the
large and the small facets. In size and shape the males of these two species are very much
alike, but are easily distinguished bj- the prevalence of the whitisli color on the abdomen
of the one, and of the black on the abdomen of the other.

I introduce this imperfectly described species only to draw the attention of collectors to
these closely related species, which, in outward appearance, bear also much resemblance to
T. asiufus and T. microcephaliis of the group with pubescent eyes and small-headed mules.
(Compare the observation at the end of the description of T. aslutus.)

Wiedemann's description of T. marglnalis (female) applies better to the present species
than to any other, proper allowance l)eing made for the diflerence of sex. Nevertheless,
the identification is very doubtful ; nor is it certain whether Wiedemann and Fabricius,
whom he quotes, described the same species.

21. Tabaniis longus n. sp. ^'^'^ ^'^ff' T-^

Female. Front moderately broad, l)ro\vnisli cinereous, with blackish hair ; callosity
square, black, rather convex ; above it, and oonneotod with i ^, an indefinite, elongate,
blackish and somewhat shining spot ; antenna^ : two basal joints reddish, clothed with
blackish hair ; third joint variable in coloring, either blackish, with the base alone reddish,
or reddish, with the annulate portion black; the body of the joint is of moderate breadth,
with a well marked, although obtuse , upper angle ; face white, Avith Avhite doAvn ; palpi
rather stout, yellowish Avhite, Avith small black hairs. Thorax grayish black, Avith very
faintly marked gray lines ; sides of the dorsum often reddish ; pleurae and pectus grayish
white. Al:)domen rather long and comjiaratively narroAv (the sixth segment longer than
in the allied species, but little shorter than the preceding one), grayish Idacl ' i , i- omo -
timcj reddi.ih on the rides, near thu bane; on segments one to six on each side a roAV of
AA'cll marked, oval, oblique, Avhitish spots, usuallv (l)ut not always) not coalescent AA'ith the
Avhitish hind margins of the segments ; in the middle of the abdomen a fiiint, Avhitish, lon-
gitudinal line, expanded at the incisures, thus forming a series of faint triangles, Avith a
rather broad basis, but a very narrow, linear apex. Venter light gray, clothed Avith minute
AAdiite hairs; the sides are sometimes reddish. Legs reddish broAvn, clothed Avith a graj'ish
pollen ; tarsi broAvn, the basis of the four posterior tarsi paler. Wings grayish hyaline ;
oriL-fni ^^c^\ pnio yonniv;..-li l^vnivn : stlguia palc broAA'u ; first posterior cell broadly oj^en.
Length, 12-14 mm.

Hah. Middle States (Mus. Comp. Zool. and Am. Ent. Soc). Four female specimens.
A fifth specimen is larger, and has the front distinctly coarctate anteriorly.

448 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

'rjiis species is distinguished by its slender form and elongated abdomen. S^^ecies closely
-oompeto g u'l K^ng th seem, however, to exist in the South, which, in some cases, may render
its recognition doubtful.

I have seen a specimen from Florida (Ft. Capron, March 26 ; Messrs. nubl)ard and
Schwarz) only 11 millim. long, of a purer, almost whitish gray ; mai'kings of the abdomen
very distinct; obli(|ue spots on second segment^ in contact with the hind margin, those of
the third nearly so ; costal cell subhyaline ; front rather broad, etc. It seems to be a differ-
ent species.

Two specimens from Texas ("Waco, Belfrage, in Mr. Burgess's collection) are more red-
dish in color ; there is a faint brownish cloud on the bifurcation of the third vein, etc.
They also seem to belong to a different species.

22. Tabanus pumilus.

Tahamis jmmilus IMacquart, Dijit. Exot., I, l,p. 14G, 51.

Female. Palpi stout, whitish, with some black hairs; face grayish white ; front brown-
ish gray, convergent anteriorly ; callosity brownish or black. Antenna? reddish ; third
joint reuiarkaljly Inroad and comparatively short ; its annidate portion .•-hort and stout,
sometimes infuscated. Thor-ax blackish gray, with white lines, sometimes reddish on tlie
sides. Abdomen blackish, segments with white hind margins, expanding into small trian-
gles in the middle (often obsolete) ; on each side of these triangles oblique oval white spots,
not coalescent with the hind margins ; the sides of the abdomen often appear reddish
(especially wdien denuded). Legs pale reddish yellow, clothed with whitish pollen and
white hairs ; tips of tibia) brown ; tarsi brown, base of the four posterior ones paler. Wings
hyaline ; stigma pale brown ; first posterior cell broadly open. Length, 8|-10 mm.

Hale. Head very large and broad ; division between the large and small fiicets very
marked. Third antennal joint less broad ; its annulate portion more drawn out in a point.
Abdomen reddish brown, the intermediate, triangular white spots almost obsolete, etc.
(As I have only a single, somewhat damaged specimen, I refrain from a more detailed
description.) Length, 10 mm.

Hub. Middle and Southern States (Maryland ; West Point, N. Y. ; Enterprise, Fla., May
11-13, by Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz). Seven females and one male.

T. jmmilus will be very easily distinguished l)y its small size, the peculiar broad shape of
the third antennal joint, the convergent front of thejitnale, etc.

Macqnart says : " deuxieme cellule sous-marginale ordinairement appendiculee." Two of
my specimens indeed show a vestige of a stump ; but this seems to be an excejstional case.

23. Tabanus lineola.

Tabanns lineola Fabricins, Entom. Syst., IV, p. 369, 33; Syst. Antl., p. 102, 41.— Coquebert, Illiistr. Icon.,
p. 11-2, Tab., XXV, f. 6.— Wie.leninnii,'Dipt. Exot., I, p. 81, 36; Auss. Zw., T, p. 170, 89.— llanis, Ins.
N. Engl, 3(1 edit., p. 602, fig. 262.— Palisot-Iieauvois, Dipt., Tab. II (somewhat doubtful).

Tiihanus sirmdans Walker, List., etc., I, ]i. 182. Nova Scotia.

f Tdhanus scutellaris Walker, Dipt. Sauiulersiana, p. 27.

Female. Palpi rather stout at the base, yellowish Avhite, beset with short black hairs;
face white, with white hairs ; subcallus grayish yellow ; front dark yellowish gray, distinctly

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 449

narrowed anteriorly ; callosity black, nearly square, with a short linear, sometimes spindle-
shaped prol(ini,^ation above. Anteuna3 brownish red, annulate portion black ; upper angle
of third joint well marked. Thorax grayish black, with white lines ; in w^ell preserved
specimens these lines, as well as the sides of the scutellum, are beset with a short, 3-ellowisli
pubescence ; the scutellum is often, but not always, reddish at the tip, which appears only
in denuded specimens ; humeral callosity reddish ; pleurne whitish gray. Aljdomen brown-
ish black, with a longitudinal, very well marked, whitish or yellowish stripe along the mid-
dle, ending at the hind margin of the sixth segment ; this stripe is formed by a grayish
pollen as ground color, which is beset with a yellowish pubescence ; two lateral stripes of
the same color, subconvergent at both ends, are formed by a scries of ol>lique spots on the
segments. Venter whitish, being clothed with a dense wdiitish pollen and a whitish pubes-
cence (in some well-preserved specimens the venter is reddish yellow, beset with yellowish
hairs ; last segment black, beset with black hair) ; a dark, ill-defined, longitudinal stripe is
sometimes visible. Legs: femora dark, paler towards the tip (in some cases pale yellow,
except at base), beset with gray pollen and white hairs ; tibiae pale yellow, the front pair
black on its latter half; front tarsi black, the four posterior ones brown, yellowish at base.
Wings hj'aline, stigma pale brownish; costal cell nearly hyaline ; first posterior cell some
times broadly open, in other cases gently attenuated.

M(dc. Head not very different in size and outlines from that of the female ; line of
division between the large and small facets distinct ; thoracic and abdominal stripes less
well marked. Length, 12-14 mm.

Ilah. North America, including Mexico ; this is one of the most common species in the
United States ; occurs abundantly in the States along the Atlantic Coast, also in Florida,
Texas, Iowa, etc.

The shape of the front, attenuated anteriorly, the hjaline costal cell and the sometimes
reddish scutellum, will help to recognize this species in all its varieties. It varies both in
size and coloring ; the dorsal stripe has sometimes perfectly even edges, sometimes it is
jagged, being expanded at every incisure ; the same is the case with the lateral strijaes. I
have already alluded to the striking diflerences in the coloring of the venter. The eyes of
the female are banded, the upper band being interrupted before reaching the outer margin
of the eye.

The identification of Fabricius's short description is rendered certain by Coquebert's fig-
ures, which he quotes in the Systema Antliatorum.

The mention of the end of the scutellum being reddish in Walker's description of T. sen-
tellaris, renders its synonymy with lineola very probable ; I do not understand, however,
the description of the gray abdominal middle stripe, " which ceases on the tawny hind bor-
ders of each segment."

The synonomy of T. slmukms I look upon as certain.

24. Tabanus nigrovittatus.

Tabanus nigrovittatus Macqnart, Dipt. Exot., 2' Supj)!., p. 24, 111.

Female. Face whitish, palpi pale yellowish white, with some minute, scattered, black
hairs ; front parallel, yellowish-gray ; frontal callosity dark brown or black, a short, spindle-
shaped blackish line above it, and usually disconnected from it ; antennaa reddish, annulate

MEMOIRS BUST. SOC. KAT. HIST. TOL. O. 113

450 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

portion rather long, Ijlack (in some specimens the third joint is brownish). Thorax bhickish-
gray, with a pale yellowish pnbescence and scattered black, erect pile ; no whitish lines,
bnt a hardly perceptible vestige of a broad, longitndinal stripe of purer gray in the middle.
Pleun\3 didl ^-ellowish gray. Abdomen with a whitish longitudinal stripe, running from the
scutelluin to the end of the sixth segment ; it is enclosed between two blackish stripes run-
ning beside it ; on each side of the blackish stripe there is again a very faint whitish one,
usually visible on segments four to six only ; Ijase of the first segment blackish, but sides of
sesments one to three reddish. Venter reddish at base, with more or less black in the
middle in the shape of a stripe, blackish towards the tip. Femora black, clothed with gray-
ish pollen, the tips pale reddish; front tibiae black, reddish brown on their proximal half;
front tarsi black; four posterior tibia? reddish, except the tip, which is infuscated (more so
on the hind than on the middle pair) ; tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, costal cell yellowish,
stio-ma vellowish. Lenn'th, 9-11 mm.

Male. Like the female, but the thorax somewhat darker, the yellowish pubescence
being less apparent, and the Ijlack erect pile more so and longer ; face more grayish ; the
head, in size and outline, not very different from that of the female. Length, 10 mm.

Hah. Massachusetts, Ehode Island, New York, New Jersey, especially near the sea-
coast ; (Cambridge, Mass., June 28-Jul_y 15, P. Pi. Uhler and 0. Sacken ; Salisbury Beach,
Aug. 25, in numbers, B. P. Mann). I have sixteen females and ten males. The eyes are
like those of T. cosfalis, light green, with a single purple crossband in the middle ; it
seems to me that this band is somewhat narrower here.

This species has some resemblance to 7\ cosfalis Wied., but is much smaller, and less
yellow on the thorax; face and palpi also less yellowish; the black abdominal stripes enclos-
ing the whitish ones are less dark ; the white stripe between them is much less distinctly
marked than in T. cosfalis ; the hind tibiie are only slightly brownish here at the tip, while
in T. cosfalis the tip is very distinctl}^ and rather al>ruptly black.

The males, especially, are easily told apart, the thorax of T. nigroviffafns i , being
blackish, that of T. cosfalis very distinctly yellow; in T. niyroviffafus i , there is, on each
side of segments one to three of the abdomen, an oval rufous spot, leaving a well defined,
Ijroad, Ijlackish stripe in the middle, in the middle of which the Avhite stripe is running ; in
T. cosfalis i , the extent of the rufous on the abdomen is much more variable, and hence
the black stripe in the middle less constant and Avell defined. From T. lineola the present
species differs in the smaller size, parallel front, less pure whitish, more yellowish white
face, the yellowish tinge of the costal cell, etc.

1 see no objection against identifj'ing this species with Macfj^uart's description, except the
" une tache testacee en avant des ailes et sur les cotes du bord posterieur," which I per-
ceive only in the male, while Macquart describes the female. Before identifying this spe-
cies with Macquart's I distributed specimens to several corresj^ondents under the name of
T. ■pauper.

25. Tabanus costalis.

Tahanvs costalis Wiedomiinii, Auss. Zu'., I, p. 173, 94 ; (?) Bcllardi, Snggio, etc., I, ji. 03.

Tahanus vicnrius W;ilkor, List, etc., I, ]i. 137 ; female.

{?) Tahanus halt imoren sis Mnequart, Dipt. Exot., 5'= Suppl., p. 34, 129.

Female. Face yellowish white, palpi yellow, with short and rather dense black hairs ;
second joint rather stout at base ; front grayish yellow, very slightly uarroAver anteriorly,

OF THE TABAXID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 451

nearly jiavallol ; callosity black, ■with an indii^tinct prolongation above ; antenna^ reddish,
annulate portion of the third joint black, nearly as long as the body of the joint ; the latter
somewhat liroad, with a distinctly projecting upper angle. Thorax grayish yellow (a gray
ground color being clothed with golden A'ellow hairs). Abdomen with a consjiicuous longi-
tudinal' j'ellowish white stripe in the middle, somewhat expanded at each incisure, and two
lateral stripes, very much attenuated posteriorly, and formed of a series of oblique, almost
coalescent spots, one on each segment ; the intervals between the central and the lateral
stripes are black (which color thus foi'ms two distinct, well mai'ked, nearly parallel stripes,
enclosing on both sides the central pale stripe) ; the two lateral stripes are bordered on the
outside by a second pair of more or less distinct black stripes, formed by a series of black
oblique spots, one on each segment ; when these spots are less distinct, the lateral pale
stripes almost coalesce with the reddish yellow lateral margins of the abdomen ; on seg-
ments five and six the Ijlack prevails, Imt in well preserved specimens both central and lat-
eral stripes are still visible. All the pale colored portions of the alnlomen show, imder the
magnifying glass, a dense covering of golden hairs. Venter reddish yellow, mixed with
blackish, especiallj' towards the tip, both coloi's being softened by a dense covering of 3x4-
lowish hairs. Legs black ; front tibia) yellowish at base, four posterior tibiie A-ellow, except
the tip, which is black ; femora clothed with a dense yellowish gray pollen. Wings grayish
hyaline ; costal cell with a distinct Ijrownish yellow tinge ; first posterior cell broadly open.

Male. The black abdouiinal stripes are usually less dark, and hence, less well defined ;
especially the base and sides of the abdomen are usually more reddish. Length, 10-13 mm.

Ilalj. A common species in the Middle and Western States; according to Bellardi, also
in Mexico.

I have seen specimens from Florida ( Lake ITarney, May 5 ; Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz),
very small (9-10 mm.), and very like T. nigroviftafus in appearance ; nevertheless I would
rather refer them to 2\ costalis. One of them had the third antcnnal joiut entii'ely black.

Tlie eyes of the female are light green, with a single purple crossband in the middle.

I accept the traditional and very probable interpretation of Wiedemann's description of
the male, although, taken literally, it would render the identification doubtful. I am not
sui'e about the interpretation of Mr. Bellardi's description.

T. vicarius Walker is most probably this species; perhaps also T. haltimorensis Macq.

26. Tabanus fulvulus.

Tahanns fulvidus Wiedemann, Anss. Z\v., I, p. 153, 66.

Hale and female. Front and vertex clothed with grayish fulvous pollen ; callosity ( 5 )
nearly square, brownish or blackish ; above it, but not connected with it, is a short, stout,
smooth line of the same color ; face and cheeks whitish (see the observation at the end) ;
palpi ( $ ) rather stout, pale yellowish white, with blackish hairs ; in the male they are
whitish ; antennte : first joint reddish yellow, with black hair ; third joint red ; its upper
angle well marked and projecting, its annulate portion black or brown, much shorter than
the remaining portion of the joint ; (in my only male specimen the third joint is alto-
gether red, perhaps not fully colored). Thorax and scutellum yellowish fulvous above,
with golden hairs, mixed with Ijlack ones (in coloring and appearance the thorax resembles

452 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

that of T. costcdis). Pleura? and pectus grayish. Aljdomen with yellow longitudinal line,
expanding on the hind border of each segment, and thus forming a row of truncate trian-
gles ; on each side of this middle line there is a row of yellow spots, encircled in Ijlack ;
the size of the j^ellow spots goes on diminishing from the base to the tip ; the yellow re-
gions are clothed with a golden yellow pubescence ; the black ones with a black pubescence ;
(the black varies in intensit}^ in different specimens; in my male specimen it is very faint,
the prevailing color of the abdomen being reddish yellow). Prevailing color of the venter
yellow ; in well preserved specmiens with a delicate whitish pollen. Front legs : coxa3 3'el-
lowish white wdth long, soft white hairs ; trochanters brownish, femora brownish yellow or
yellowish brown, with a gray pollen ; tibia? yellowish at the base, brownish on the latter
half; tarsi brown. Middle and hind legs: femora brownish yellow, wdth a gray pollen,
and Avith long, soft, wliitish hairs ; tibice yellow ; first joint of tarsi yellow, brownish at tip ;
the following joints brown, yellow at the Ijase. The hind til)ia3 have a fringe of yellowish
hairs, and are more or less tipped with blackish ones. Wings suljhyaline, with but a very
slight grayish tinge ; costal cell tinged with yellowish ; stigma yellow ; the anterior branch
of the third vein rather knee-shaped near its origin; first posterior cell broadly open.
Length, 14-lG mm.

Hah. Middle States ; Kentucky (Sanborn). A male and three females.

Observation. One of the female specimens before me ditTers from the others in its col-
oring. The fiice has a yellowish gray tinge, while in the other specimens the face is of a
purer Avhitish gray ; the pleura? also are more yellowish gray instead of Avhitish gray ; the
palpi are decidedly yellow, Avith yelloAvish hairs on the stout, basal half, and Avith black
hairs on the slender portion of the second joint, Avhile in the other specimens they are
Avhitish ; the femora are black, Avith a gray pollen, their tips yclloAV. I do not doubt the
specific identity of this specimen. The Ijlack design on the aljdomen is sometimes veiy
foint (for instance, in the male specimen before me).

This species has an unmistakable resemblance to T. cofttalis in its coloring ; but it is con-
siderably larger, the markings on the abdomen are altogether different, the costal cell is
tinged Avith a less saturate yellow, the ? front is comparatively narrower ; the first joint
of the hind tarsi is yellow, brown at tip in T. fulvulus and altogether blackish in T. costalis.

27. Tabaniis sagax n. sp.

Female. Face white, Avith white down ; palpi rather stout, pale yellow, Avith short black
hairs ; antenna? bright orange red ; third joint rather long, its annulate portion much
shorter than the body of the joint, deep black; its upper angle very little projecting; front
comparatively broad, nearly parallel, yellowish gray ; callosity broad, brownish, irregular,
nearly square, rounded on top; above it another, ol^long, denuded spot. Thorax light
gray, clothed with microscopic yelloAvish hairs ; pleura? and pectus Avhitish gray. Abdomen
reddish, more brownish towards the end ; a broad, conspicuous, Avhitish longitudinal stripe
along the back, expanded at the incisures ; on each side of the stripe a roAV of ill defined
yellowish Avhite spots, a pair on each segment, groAving smaller towards the tip of the aljdo-
men; A-enter j'ellowish red. Legs reddish 3'elloAV ; tips of front tibia? slightly infuscated ;
front tarsi and tips of the four posterior tarsi broAvn. Wings hyaline ; veins yelloAvish ;
costal cell tinged Avith yelloAV ; stigma saturate yelloAV. Length, 13-15 mm.

Hah. Illinois ; Minnesota. Three females.

OF THE TABAXID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 453

Not unlike T. fuli'ithis in the markings on tlie abdomen ; Imt the markings, as well as
the thorax, are grayish, instead of fulvous ; the front is much broader, the frontal callosity
larger ; the third antennal joint is narrow, its upper angle but very little projecting ; the
dorsal stripe on the abdomen comparatively broader.

The cyeri of T. sdrjra: have a ^^^^I'ple band between two green ones, above and below
wdiicli there is, on each side, another less well defined, purple band.

28. Tabanus nigrescens.

Tabanus iiigrcscens Palisot-Benuvois, Ins., Dipt. Tab. II, f. 2; Wieilcmunn, Auss. Z\v., I, p. IIG, G.

Male and female. Head of the male more convex than that of the female ; large and
small fleets distinctly se^sarated ; frontal callosity (?) much longer than broad, convex,
black or dark brown, with a spindle-shaped prolongation above. Front grayish brown,
brown in tlie middle ; face l)rownish gray ; cheeks with dark brown or black hairs ; j^alpi
black ; antenn;c black; base of the third joint red ; its projecting angle almost rectangular.
Thorax brown (of a more reddish brown in the female than in the male), with a faint
grayish pollen anteriorh" ; no distinct stripes. Abdomen altogether black ; legs black.
Wings with a yellowish brown tinge, which is more saturate in the two basal cells ; costal
cell Ijrownish (sometimes the wings have an altogether blackish tinge) ; stigma ferruginous
brown ; a blackish cloud on the crossvein between the discal and the second posterior
cell, usually more or less extending over the crossvein next to it ; a round, blackish cloud
on the bifurcation of the third vein. Length, i , 20 mm. ; 5 , 22-23 mm.

Hah. New York (C'atskill Mountain House, July, 1874) ; Massachusetts; New Jersey;
Pennsylvania ; Maryland ; Illinois ; Knoxville, Tennessee ; a specimen ( ? ) from Canada
(Mr. W. Saunders) is smaller, and has very dark, almost blackish wings.

The ej'es (?) are dark and dull green, with three narrow purple bands, the U23per one is
distinct at the beginning only. The description of Palisot, brief as it is, cannot be doubtful
in its interpretation, especially with the addition of the figure of the whole insect and its
antenna?.

29. Tabanus punctifer ii. sp.

Tahamis pwicti/cr Locw in litt.

Ifale and female. Head ( i ) large, with distinctly separated large and small facets ;
front ( ? ) broad (broader than in T. nigrescens) ; frontal tubercle large, somewhat ill
defined in outline and rather flat ; antennie black, projecting angle of the third joint rect-
angular ; face brownish ; palpi l)lack. Thorax and scutellum, above, whitish or yellowish
white, in consequence of a dense pollen, covered by a pubescence of the same color ;
pleura3, pectus, abdomen and legs black, or dark brown ; front tibire white at the base for
more than one third of their length. Wings brownish, especially on their proximal half;
costal cell brown ; a fiiint brown cloud on the crossvein at the base of the second posterior
cell, wdiich is not prolonged on the crossvein at the base of the third posterior cell ; a dark
brown round cloud at the bifurcation of the third vein. Length, S , 19 mm. ; ? , 19-20 mm.

Hah. West of the Rocky Mountains ; Utah, Sonora, California, etc.; also Colorado
(G. Eidings) ; seems to be a common species.

This species is not unlike T. styfjlus Say, but is a little smaller, and easily distinguished

MEMOIRS BOST. SOC. NAT. HIST.

454 C- R- OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

by the vvliite color of the base of the front tibiaj, the blackish or brownish, and not ferru-
ginous brownissh, wingp, the absence of distinct white lines on the thorax, etc. The head
of the male is much larger than in T. nigrescens, and the large facets occupy much more
surface.

30. Tab anus stygius.

Tabanus stygius Say,Joiiin. Acad. PliiL, III, p. 33, 3; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., I, p. 131, 31.

Female. Frontal callosity much longer than broa^l, chestnut brown, with a spindle-
shaped prolongation above. Front brown ; a grayish spot on the vertex ; face yellowish
brown ; palpi black ; antennne dark reddish brown, annulate portion of third joint often
darker ; third joint much excised, and the upper angle very salient. Thoracic dorsum (in
well preserved specimens) clothed with a white j^Hen, through which the brown ground
color is but little apparent ; longitudinal white lines very distinct ; a short white jiubes-
cence makes tiio dorsum appear still whiter. Pleurae and pectus dark brown or blackish
brown, in sharp contrast with the white thoracic dorsum. Abdomen black, subopaque ;
venter black or dark brown. Legs black or dark brown ; front tibia^ slightly reddish at
the base. Wings strongly tinged with ferruginous brownish ; a brown spot on the bifur-
cation of the third vein, and a small cloud on the crossvein at the base of the second
posterior cell, more or less prolonged on the next crossvein. Length, 20-22 mm.

Ilab. Connecticut (Southington, July, W. IL Patten); Pennsylvania; Maryland
(Am. Ent. Soc.) ; Illinois (Le Baron); Iowa (Dallas Co., Jefferson Co., J. A. Allen);
South Carolina (Sea Islands, June 2d, B. P. INIann) ; Florida (in the spring, E. Palmer).

Say must have had a denuded specimen, as the characteristic white coloring of the tho-
rax is not mentioned in his description ; Wiedemann's is more explicit. The eyes (as far
as I saw them on an alcoholic specimen from Florida) are dark green with two dark pur-
plish bands and the vestige of a third above ; therefore similar to the eyes of 7\ nigrescens.

31. Tabanus atratus.

Tahmms atratus Fabricius, Syst. Entom., ]i. 789,9; Entom. Sy.st., IV, p. 3G6, 16 ; Syst. Antl., p. 96, 16;
Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., I, p. 68, 2 ; Auss. Zw., I, p. 114, 3. — Macquart, Dipt. Exot., I, l,p. 142, 41 ; Bellardi,
Sagiiio, I, p. 58. — Harris, Ins. N. Engl., 3d Edit., p. 602.

Tabanus niger Palisot-Beauvois, Ins., Dipt. Tab. I, f. 1.

Tabnmis americanus Drury Ins., I, T.-dj. 44, f. .3.

Tabamts validus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., I, p. 113, 2.

AFalc and female. Altogether black ; head of the male large, subhemispherical, the
large facets occupying an extended area, distinctly separated from that of the small facets;
front ( ? ) unusually broad ; callosity l>roader than long ; subcallus denuded, shining ; third
antennal joint deeply excised, its upper corner very salient, pointing forward, its narrow
portion remarkably long, gradually merging into the annulate tip ; front tibia3 whitish at
base, hind tibiaj with a fringe of black hair ; abdomen usually with a bluish white efflores-
cence ; wings black or brown ; first posterior cell strongly coarctate, often altogether closed.
Length, ordinary specimens, 20-2G mm. ; small ones down to 16 mm.

Hah. United States, common. I have specimens from Quebec, Can., Maine, Massachu-
setts, where it is not rare (Cambridge, Nahant, Chelsea Beach), District of Coknnbia, Mary-
land, Indiana, Kentucky, Florida, Kansas, Nebraska, Texas. Bellardi had it from Mexico.

OF THE TABAXID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 455

This species varies in appearance very ranch. Northern specimens, for instance those
found round Boston, often have the wings pale brown, even yellowish brown, towards the
posterior margin. The most remarkable variet}-, however, I received from Florida (Indian
River, E. Palmer ; Haulover Beach, March 12-14, Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz) ; the
thorax on each side bears a fringe of golden yellow hairs, not a trace of which is visible in
ordinary specimens. I have four specimens from Florida, and two from some other south-
ern locality not nearer defined, which show this peculiarity. A ver}' small specimen from
Key West (Feb. 7, 1SG9, in Mr. E. Burgess' collection) has none of these hairs. The very
broad front, broad frontal callus, shining subeallus and coarctate fii'st posterior cell, prove,
I think, the specific identity of all these varieties.

The T. vaJidus Wiedemann is, to all appearance, based upon a brownish or reddish
colored specimen of T. atrahis. Drury's name, T. cmicrlcanus (1773), although the old-
est, cannot have the priority on account of T. americanns Forster (1771), which is T. riifi-
cornis Fab.

The eyes of T. atraius, according to Dr. Harris (Ins. In], to Veget., 3d Edit., p. G02),
" are of a shining purple black or bronzed black color, Avith a narrow jet black band acrcsa
the middle, and a broad band of the same hue on the lower part." I have revived, on wet
sand, the eyes of specimens from Texas and from Massachusetts (with the yellowish hind
border of the wing), and have found them to agree with this description.

32. Tabanus Wiedemanni.

Tabanus ater Wiedemann (non Palisot-Beaiiv.) Aiiss. Zweifl., I, p. 136, 39 (ox parte; non Dipt. Exot.).

Female. Altogether black, with a slight brownish pollen on the thorax, grayish in front.
Face and front also with a brownish pollen ; antennte black, upper angle of third joint very
salient ; the basal portion of this joint rather broad ; annulate portion not longer than the
basal portion. Frontal callus square, black, shining, prolonged upwards as a black, shining
stripe, not quite reaching the vertex, and nearly as broad as the callus, leaving but a nar-
row strip of the brownish front on each side ; subeallus less shining, somewhat denuded.
Win i^s dark brown ; a still darker brown cloud on the bifurcation of the third vein ; first
Vartm cell perceptibly coarctate. Length, 16 mm.

Hah. Enterprise, Florida, May 17, 1S75. Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz.

Wiedemann descriljed T. ater for his Diptera Exotica from Westermann's collection in
Copenhagen. Later, when writing his ''Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins.," he identified a specimen
of the Vienna Museum with his earlier description (without having the original specimens
before him), but added : " It agrees very well with my description, only the coloring,
especially of the abdomen, is more blackish brown than deep black. The front is very
smooth, has a tran.sverse subeallus and above it a broad, smooth stripe, running towards
the vertex.'' This addition, and especially the last character, proves, to my mind, that
Wiedemann had the present species before him ; but whether his former description refers
to the same species, seems doubtful to me. In several details (very small tooth of the third
antennal joint, front shining black, very convex front behind the antenna?) that description
points to T. lugtchris ; only the size of the female, seven lines, is too large for it. At any
rate, the name T. ater cannot be used, on account of the much older T. ater Rossi (1790).

456 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

T. Wiedemanni is casil}' distinguislieil from T. atratus by its smaller size, much narrower
front, the shape of the callosity and of the stripe aljove it, the shape of the third antennal
joint, which is much less excised, the brown cloud on the bifurcation of the third vein and
the less coarctate first posterior cell.

From T. higtibi-is the jiresent species differs in its somewhat larger size, its less shining
surface, in the structure of the antennte, the shape of the callosity with prolongation, the
less convex subcallus and the cloud on the bifurcation of the third vein.

33. Tab anus lugubris.

Tabanus liiguhris Macquart, Dipt. Exot., I, 1, p. 145, 48.

Tabanus ater ralisot-Beauvois, Ins., Dipt. Tab. II, f. 5. — Wiodcmnnii, Dipt. Exot., I, p. 74, 23; Auss. Z\v.,
I, p. 186, 39 (ex parte).

Female. Antennae black ; third joint long ; annulate portion especially elongate ; body
of the joint comparatively small, its upper angle well marked, nearly rectangtilar, l)ut not
drawn out. Face and cheeks black, shining, with a little brownish pollen in the middle of
the former, between the furrow ; palpi deep black. Front black, shining, some traces of a
graj'ish pollen visible on the sides, above the callosity ; the latter large, convex ; subcallus
also very convex, l)lack, shining. Thorax and abdomen black, shining, with a thin Itrown-
ish pollen ; thorax in front with some grayish pollen. Legs Ijlack. Wings uniformly black ;
first posterior cell perceptibly coarctate. Length, l.j-14 nnn.

Huh. Carolina (Macquart) ; Sea Islands, South Carolina, June 2d (B. P. Mann). A
single female.

The shape of the third antennal joint of this species is characteristic ; uniortunately,
Macquart could not describe it, as it was wanting in his specimen. Nevertheless, the
description leaves but little doubt about the identification.

Palisot's short description and figure seem t o refer to this species rather than to T Wied-
emanni. Compare especially the side view of the very convex subcallus. Moreover, it is
not prol>able that Palisot, in the then existing state of descriptive entomology, woidd have
distinguished T. Wiedemanni ; he would have probably taken it for a small T. atratus, the
resemblance between the two species being very great. About Wiedemann's interpreta-
tion compare the ol^servation at the end of the description of T. Wiedemanni. As there
is a much older T. afer Rossi (Fauna Etrusca, 1790), Macquart's name must be adopted.

34. Tabanus rufus. >«^ ^^f''' '^^^^■

Tahamis rufus Palisot-Bcauvois, Ins., Dipt. Tab. II, f. 1, p. 100. — Wieilcmann, Auss. Z\v., I, p. 117, 8
(merely a translation of Palisot's description).

Tabanus fumipennis Wiedemann, A\iss. Zw., I, p. 119, 11.

Female. Face reddish yellow ; palpi rather long and slender, reddish ; front rather
broad, parallel, yellowish brown ; callosity not longer than broad, chestnut brown, or dark
brown, with a spindle-shaped prolongation above. Antennaj pale red, third joint much
excised, its upper angle \Qvy salient and slightly drawn out forwai'd. Thorax more or less
brown aljove, with a delicate grayish pollen and fiiint reddish lines, more reddish on the
sides ; pleurae and pectus yellowish, with yellowish hair. Abdomen ferruginous reddish,
with a longitudmal 1)lackisli stripe, which expands posteriorly and occupies nearly the whole

OF THE TABAXID^E OF THE UNITED STATES. 457

dorsal sui'face of the three last segments. Legs yellowish red ; front tarsi Ijrownish.
Wings strongly infuscated ; a distinct brown cloud on the bifurcation of the third vein, a
very faint one on the crossvein at the base of the second posterior cell. Length, about
23 nun.

Hah. Savannah, Georgia (Wiedemann) ; Florida (Lalvc Harney, May 4, Messrs. Hub-
bard and Schwarz) ; S. Carolina (Sea Islands, June 2, B. P. Mann). 1 have four females.

The cloud on the bifurcation of the third vein is not mentioned liy Wiedemaini ; it nev-
ertheless exists in his original specimen in the Vienna Museum (as Dr. Redtenbacher kindly
informs me). The eyes of this species (as I saw them on an alcoholic specimen) have three
narrow bluish stripes, not reaching the external border ; the ground color of the eye was
reddish green.

35. Tabanus Megerlei.

Tabamis Megerlei Wieilemnnn, Aus. Z\v., I, p. 13i!, 3"2.

Female. [Antenna; l)rown, root of the third joint ferruginous yellow, with a strong
tooth ; fixce brown, sonrewhat yellowish on the sides ; clieeks and palpi l^rown ; beard black ;
front yellowish white below, ligliter in the middle, the upper part 3-ellowish.] Callosity
nearl}' square, brown or l)lack, convex. Thorax blackish, reddish on each side, Avith whit-
ish lines on the dorsum ; plcurro Ijrown, witli Ijlack hair. Abdomen reddish, with a Ijroad
black stripe in the middle, which is somewhat narrower on the second and third segments ;
a whitish pollen and a golden yellow pubescence clothe the red portions of the abdomen ;
lateral margins blackish, fringed with black hair. Venter reddish. AVings Ijrownish on
the proximal half, especially along the veins ; crossveins and bifurcation of the third vein
with dark brown clouds. Length, 17-18 nun.

Hah. Florida (caught by myself on St. John's River in March, 1858). A single female.

T. Megerlei is described by Wiedemann without indication of localit3^ IMy specimen
agrees perfectly with his description. At present this specimen is somewhat injured about
the head, so that I am comj^elled to translate from Wiedemann the portion of my descrip-
tion enclosed in brackets. The black fringe of hair along the edges of the otherwise red
abdomen of this species cannot well be mistaken. Li the prespiit condition of my speci-
men I cannot well ascertain whetlier its eyes are pubescent oi= - fulvouc , and Avhether it has
an ocellar tubercle or not.

36. Tabanus americanus.

Tabamis americanus Forster, Nov. Spec. Contur., I, 100.
Tabanus phtmheus Drury, Ins. I, Tab. 44, f. '2.

Tabanus ruficornis Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 789,8; Ent. Syst., IV, p. 365, 14 ; Syst. Antl., p. 96, 14.—
Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., I, 62 ; Auss. Z\v., I, p. 112, 1.

Tabanus limbalus Palisot-Beauvois, Ins., Dijit. Tab. I, f. 2.

Female. Dark violet brown (" ohsctire cpccinellens " of Wiedemann) sometimes more
reddish. Face grayish, with gray hair ; front grayish ; antennae red ; in some specimens
the annidate portion is lirown ; third joint deeply excised ; its upper angle drawn out, as a
pointed horn ; frontal callus chestnut brown, prolonged in a line above ; palpi brownish red,
with dense, short black hairs. Thorax with a whitish efflorescence, hardly concealing the
dark ground color ; a tuft of white hairs between the root of the wings and the scutellum.

MEMOIRS BOST. SOC. NAT. HIST. VOL. n. 115

458 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

Pleura3 with a whitish down and with longer white hairs, especially between the root of the
wings and the base of the abdomen ; abdomen covered with a thin whitish elllorescence, not
concealing the gronnd color, but visible in an oblique light ; it is more perceptible along
the hind margins of the segments, where, on each side, it becomes broader and very dis-
tinct ; hind margins of the ventral segments also whitish. Legs brownish red, tarsi darker;
hind tibiaj with fringes of dark hairs. Wings hyaline, costal cell and stigma infuscated ;
first posterior cell somewhat coarctate.

Male. Head large, subhemispherical, like that of T. atraius in shape ; the large facets
occupy a very extended area, and are distinctly separated from the small ones. Hairs on
head and chest more yellow than in the female. (I have only a single specimen, from
Florida, before me.) Length, 25-30 mm.

Hob. Middle and Southern States. I have seen specimens from Illinois ; Sea Islands,
S. C. ; Florida (Ft. Capron, Fla., April 25, Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz) ; Kentucky; Mis-
souri ; Pennsylvania; Detroit, Mich. (Mr. Hubbard). From Mr. Akhurst I received a
specimen caught in the State of New York.

Fiirster's name, being the oldest (1771), should have the priority. Drury's description
and figure are older, but the name T. plumbeus Drury, appears only in Vol. II, Appendix
(1773). Forster is wrong in quoting Drury's figures, 2 and 3 ; the latter is T. americanus
Drury (Syn. atraius Fab.). This is the largest of the North American Tabani, and seems
to be very common in some parts of the south and west. The eyes are unicolorous, of a
brilliant green.

37. Tabanus giganteus.

Tabanus giganteus DcGacr, Ins., VI, p. 226, 1 ; Tab. XXX, f. 1.

Tabanus litieatus Fabriciiis, Spec. Ins., II, p. 455, 4; Entomologia System., IV, p. 363, 5; Syst. Antl., p.
94, 3.— Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., I, p. 63, 3; Auss. Zw., I, p. 115, 4.
? Tabanus bicolor Macqiiart, Dipt. Exot., 2' Snppl., p. 34, 129 ( ? ).
? Tabanus ccesiofasclatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 5° Suppl., p. 32, 126 ( ,5 ).

Female. Front rather narrow, grayish ; frontal callus chestnut brown, prolonged up-
wards as a narrow, smooth line ; face whitish yellow or yellowish white ; palpi reddish
yellow, beset with golden yellow and black hairs. Antonnte I'ed, third joint deeply excised,
upper angle projecting, horn-like. Thorax brownish above, more or less clothed with gray-
ish pollen, with indistinct darker stripes and reddish lines between them ; scutellum usually
reddish, with a black spot at the base. Pleuras and pectus clothed with j^ellowish or whit-
ish hairs. Abdomen blackish, more or less covered with a white efllorescence ; the sides of
the abdomen, especially on the second segment, reddish ; incisures more or less whitish.
Legs brownish red ; tarsi darker ; hind tibiae with a fringe of black hair. Wings tinged
with pale brown; costal cell and stigma ferruginous brownish; first posterior cell but
slightly coarctate. Length, 22-25 mm.

Hab. Middle and Southern States. I have seen specimens from Connecticut (Suffield,
G. Dimmock), Pennsylvania, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Sonora. Dr. Harris's Catalogue
quotes this species from Massachusetts.

The eyes of this species are unicolorous. DeGeer's T. giganteus is evidently this spe-
cies ; about the confusion existing between it and T. calens Linne, see Wiedemann, Auss.
Zw., I, p. 135.

OF THE TABAXID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 459

I do not sec any thing in Macquart's description of T. hicolor, which woukl prevent the
interpretation I give it. Anyhow, the name cannot stand, as there is an carHer hicolor by
Wiedemann. Observe at the same time that Macquart does not mention T. lineatus any-
where in his works.

In Mr. C. V. Riley's collection I find a very much damaged specimen, which I take to be
the male of this species, the onl}^ one I have seen. The head is flattened above, and not
very large. The demarcation between the large and small facets of the eye is distinct,
although the large facets are comparatively smaller than in the allied species. Macquart
says of his T. ccesiofasciatiis i : " Yeux nus, composes entierement de fort petites
facettes," which rather confirms me in the belief that this is the male of T. giganteus.

38. Tabanus mexicanus.

Tahamis mexicmius Liniie, Syst. Nat., II, p. 1000, 10. — ■ F.abricius, Spec. Ins., II, p. 457, 16; Ent. Syst., IV,
p. 367, 22; Syst. Antl., p. 98, 25.— Wiodeniunii, Dipt, Exot., I, p. 70, 29; Auss. Z\v., I, p. 147, 58.— Macquart,
Dipt. Exot., I, 1, p. 143, 43.

Tahaiuis punctatus Fabricius, Ent. Syst., IV, p. 368, 25.

Tabamts inaitis Fabricius, 1. c, 26.

Tabanus ochroleiicus Mcigcn, System. Bcschr., II, p. 62, 41. (Mcigcn enoneously took it for Euroi)ean.)

Tabanus oKvaceits DcGeer, VI, p. 230, 6; Tab. 30, f. 6. -(DeGeer quotes Linne.)

Tabayius suljyJiureMS Palisot-Bcauvois, Ins., p. 222, Dipt. Tab. Ill, f. 3.

Tabanus flavus Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., I, p. 200. 13 ; Gucrin et Percheron, Genera, etc.. Dipt. Tab. II.

Tabanus viridijiavus Walkei', Newman's Zool., VHI, Ajip. ixvi ( " fide Walker," thus quoted by Bellardi,
Saggio, I, p. 59).

The whole body is pale yellowish, more or less tinged with greenish ; j^alpi 3'ellow, slightly
incrassated at the base of the second joint; antenna) of the same color, sometimes green ;
upper angle of the third joint projecting, rectangular ; front nearly parallel, without any
callosity ; the head of the female being large, the front, for a Tahanus, has an unusual
length. Thorax densely clothed with yellow hairs. Wings subhyallne, sometimes slightly
tinged with yellowish ; costal cell and stigma yellow ; CTOSsveins and bifurcation of the third
vein usually (not always) clouded with brown ; according to Wiedemann, brown clouds
sometimes also occur on the tijjs of the veins, along the margin ; but this j^robably applies
to the South American species, which he had before him. All my speciifi^K have a stump
of a vein on the bifurcation of the third vein.

Ilah. Florida; South Carolina (Sea Islands, May 17, 1869, B. P. Mann); New Jersey
(Am. Entom. Soc.) ; Missouri (Eiley) ; Mexico (Bellardi); South America (Wiedemann).

I never saw this species alive, but believe that in that state the green color must be more
distinct ; in dry specimens only traces of it remain, very irregularly distributed over the
body. The synonomy of Fabricius's names I borrow from Wiedemann, who saw the orig-
inal types ; the same for Meigen's ochroleucus.

About his T. flavus Macquart says that the type is in Percheron's cabinet ; Percheron's
figure deserves, therefore, full credit. It is strange, nevertheless, that while Macquart
expressly mentions the absence of the stump on the fork of the third vein, Percheron
figures this stump as very long ; Macquart mentions a dark spot at the base of the
fork, Percheron neither figures nor mentions it ! I do not know how to explain these con-
tradictions in the face of a synonymy which cannot be doubted.

460 C- R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

Palisot's figure of tlie front of his T. sulplmrcus shows the absence of the callosity, and
thus unmistakably points to T. mexlcands.

B. Tabani with pubescent eyes, but without ocellar tubercle.

39. Tabanus bicolor.

Tahanus bicolor Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., I, ]). 9G, 58 ; Auss. Z\v., T, p. 188, 115; male.
2\ibanus riifceps jMacqunrt, Dipt. Exot., b" Suppl, p. 35, 130 ; male.

Female. Eyes pubescent ; head comparatively broad ; flice pale yellowish ; palpi short
and turgid, yellowish, with sparse, black hairs; front and vertex yellowish ; no frontal cal-
losity ; antenna^ reddish yello^v, third joint remarkably liroad and comparatively short.
Thorax brownish yellow, in consequence of the dense pollen which conceals the brownish
olivaceous ground color ; the pleurae somewliat grajdsh. Legs reddish yellow. Abdomen
reddish on the sides, yellowish Ijrown in the middle and at the tip (the latter color being
the cflect of a Ijrown ground color covered with brownish fulvous pollen and fulvous hairs).
Wings hyaline ; veins yellow.

Male. Head large, but not flattened on top ; large and small fleets distinctly separated;
thorax somewhat moi'e yellowish than in the female, the yellow hair upon it being more
dense. Abdomen reddish j'ellow, with a dark longitudinal stripe, which is narrowest in the
middle, but varies in breadth in different specimens. Length, 10-11 mm.

Ilah. New York ; Pennsylvania; Illinois; Canada. I have three male and two female
specimens before me.

The male of this species is more frequently met with in collections than the female.
Although Macquart says "yeux nus " of his T. ruJicejJS,! have not the slightest doubt
that it is the same as T. bicolor Wied.

40. Tabanus fulvescens.

7\(ham(s fulvescens Walker, List, etc., I, p. 171.

'■'■Mas. Fuscus, capite llavo-albido, thorace fusco, pectore cano, abdomine fidvo, fusco
nonnunquam vittato, pedibus flavis, alis limpidis.

" Head yellowish white, clotlied beneath with white hairs ; feelers and palpi yellow ;
eyes red ; chest pale brown, clothed with tawny hairs : breast hoary, clothed with white
hairs ; alxlomen tawny, slightly clothed with tawnj' hairs, and having a broad grayish Ijrown
stripe, Avhich appears only at the base of the underside ; legs yellow ; wings colorless ;
wing ribs and veins tawny, the latter piceous towards the tip ; poisers yellow.

" Length of the body, 41 lines (11-12 mm.) ; of the wings, 9 lines.

" a. Massachusetts. From Prof Sheppard's collection.

"6. ?

" Var. Abdomen not striped."

I have two specimens (male and female) from Canada (Quebec, Mr. Belanger, and Port-
neuf, Mr. Provancher) which agree quite well with this description, except that, in the
male, the brown longitudinal stripe runs along the whole venter, and that the tarsi are
infuscated at the tips. The body of the female is darker ; the tips of the front tibite are
infuscated ; the front tarsi are brown, except at the base.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 401

This species (if it be distinct) resembles T. hicolor very much in its general appearance,
in the absence of a frontal callosity, in the pubescence of the eyes, etc. It is easily distin-
guished, however, by the whitish gray color of pectus, pleura? and front coxaj, which color
also appears on the cheeks and around the mouth. The third joint of the antenna? (in iny
two specimens at least) is slightly narrower ; the general coloring of the body, especially
in the female, is darker.

41. Tab anus Rein-war dtii.

Tabam/s Heinwardtii Wiedemann, Auss. Z\v., I, p. 130, 30.
Tabanus cri/t/irotcltis Walker, Ins. Saumlers, p. 25 ; Tab. II, f. 1.

Female. Front rather broad, grayish, with a well marked brown crossband in the mid-
dle and a dark spot on the vertex ; frontal callosity large, nearly square, brown, prolonged
as a line above ; face and cheeks white, with white hair ; palpi moderatel}' stout, yellow,
with a grayish pollen, and short black hairs; antenna?: first and second joints reddish (in
some specimens almost black), with black hair ; the third black, red at base; upper angle
■well marked, projecting, nearly rectangular. Thorax grayish slate color, sometimes more
blackish ; more or less reddish on the sides and along the suture ; the usual gray stripes
are well marked and beset with whitish hairs in well preserved specimens. Pleura? and
pectus whitish, beset with white hairs; on the pleurte a fiint reddish ground color is often
apparent ; a fringe of black pile between the i"Oot of the wings and the humerus. Abdo-
men grayish slate color, usuall}" faintly reddish on the sides ; an intermediate row of trian-
gular and lateral rows of oblique whitish spots ; hind margins of segments fringed with
short white hairs. Venter densely clothed with white pollen and short white hairs, the
latter especially on the hind margins of segments, the ground color being blackish, or pale
reddish. Legs pale reddish or yellowish, clothed with grayish pollen and white hairs ; tarsi
nearly black ; all the tibia? blackish at tip, front tibia? up to their middle, (in some speci-
mens the femora, especially the front femora, are darker). Wings subhj'aline ; central
crossveins, crossveins at tlie end of the discal cell, and bifurcation of the third vein, dis-
tinctly clouded with brown ; fr^B^t posterior cell very slightly coarctate.

Male. Antenna? usually black, except the extreme root of third joint ; flxce and cheeks
graj'ish, with blackish hair; legs darker, femora nearly black; thorax blackish, Avith dense
blackish and gray pile ; antealar callus reddish ; abdominal markings much less well defined ;
white hairs on the abdomen longer ; brown clouds on the wings less well marked. The line
between the large and small facets on the eyes well defined, although the large facets are
comparatively smaller than in other species. (In life a single green stripe on purple ground
on the lower part of the eyes.) Length somewhat variable, the usual size 16-18 mm. ;
sometimes only 14 mm. My mnle specimens measiu'e about 16 mm.

The eyes are pubescent in Ijoth sexes ; very distinctly in the male.

Hab. Canada (Belanger, Provancher, Couper) ; Iowa (Jefferson and Dallas Counties,
J. A. Allen) ; Illinois ; Vermont (Bridgport, Miss A. M. Edmands) ; Virginia; Pennsylvania
(Am. Ent. Soc). I have ten female and three male specimens.

The description of the legs of T. erytlirolelus Walker does not agree with this species ;
but Westwood's figure which is appended, the locality (Bolton, N. Amer.), and the non-

MEMOIKS BOST. SOC. SAT. HIST. VOL. H.

402 C. R. OSTEX SACKEN'S PRODROME

existence of any other species with which to identify tlie description, render the synonymy
certain. In this species the oceUar tubercle is not visible ; the pubescence of the eyes in
the male is very distinct ; in tlie feniule very short, and often hardlj^ visilile. The colora-
tion of the eyes of the female (revived on wet sand) appeared not unlil;e that of T. tri-
jujiclus, caienatus, and that whole group : two bluish green stripes, with a rather broad
interval ; the lower stripe bent towards the upper one at the outer end, without, however,
reachino; it.

o

42. Tabanus cerastes n. sp.

Female. E^-es pnlje.scent ; face white, with Avhite hair ; palpi rather stout, pale yellow,
with Avhite, mixed with a few black hairs; antenna? reddish, third joint very deeply ex-
cised, almost crescent-shaped, upper angle drawn out in a rather long horn, which, as
well as tho annulate portion of the third joint, is black; sometimes the whole joint,
except the Ixise, is brownish ; front moderately broad, grayish yellow ; callosity brownish
red, large, square ; a spindle-shaped Ijrown line above it is usually disconnected from it ;
(in my three specimens tliis line has a well marked groove in the middle, which ends in a
deep puncture on the callosity ; this may he a merel_y adventitious character of the species).
Thorax of a liglit chocolate lirown with whitisli lines ; pleura? whitish, with white hair.
Aljdomen of a light chocolate In-own, with wliite triangles in tlie middle, and rather large,
oblique, white spots on the sides. Venter densely clothed with whitish pollen, and with a
trace of a longitudinal In-own stripe. Feet reddish, whitish poUinose, and with white hairs ;
tips of til>ii\3 and all the tarsi brown. Wings snl>liyaline, faintly tinged witli brownish
between the root and the stigma ; first posterior cell broadly open. Length, 15-lG nnn.

Ilah. Kentucky (Bee Spring, June, F. G. Sanborn) ; Wisconsin (E. Kennicott).

Ihe long horn-like upper angle of the antenna^, as well as the peculiar brown coloring,
renders this species easily recognizable. T. -scltus Walker seems to have antenna^ of the
same structure ; in otlier respects its description is entirely unmeaning. The words " an-
tennes a dent un pen allongee," in Macquart's description of his T. lurtioculatiis 5
(Dipt. Exot., 5" Suppl., p. 33), together with the pubescent eyes, may indicate the unknown
male of my T. cerastes ; still the data of the description are not suthcient to wan-ant the
identification of the female. The eyes of an alcoholic female showed a single bluish stripe
hi the middle.

C. Tabani with pubescent eyes and with an ocellar tubercle (subgenus Therioplcctes).

43. Tabaiius flavipes.

Tahanus fitiu'/ics Wieileitiinin, T, \>. I:i7, 41.

Female. Eyes pubescent, face yellowish grny, with dense yellow hair on the cheeks ;
some blackish hairs below the eyes; palpi long and narrow, black. Antenna? dark red;
third joint black on its distal half, excised above, and with a projecting upper angle; front
rather broad, narrowed anteriorly, dark grayish ; callosity very convex, with a more or less
spindle-shaped prolongation above ; the subcallus in all my specimens is denuded, shining.
Thorax black, with black, erect pile, mixed with yellowish hairs, especially in front; ante-
alar tubercle black ; pleura? black, clothed with sparse yellowish hairs, which are denser

OF THE TABANID.E OF THE UXITED STATES. 4G3

under the -wings. Abdomen black, thinly clothed with pale golden yellow hairs, which arc
more dense along the hind margins of the segincnts, wdiere they form narrow, but conspic-
uous pale golden yellow fiinges. Venter black ; hind margins of segments likewise fringed
with pale yellow hairs. Front femora black, reddish at tip ; front tibiiu reddish yellow,
blackish at tip; front tarsi black; four posterior femora black on the proximal half only;
the remainder, as well as the tibi;e and tarsi, reddish 3-ellow. Wings tinged with brownish,
brownish ferruginous along the costa. Length, 14-17 nun.

Hah. Labrador (Dumplin ILrrbor, July 19, connnon, A. S. Packard). AYiedemann's
specimens were from the same country. 1 have six females.

Among Mr. Packard's specimens from Straits of Belle Isle, I find a male, which apparently
belongs here. The sides of the second abdominal segment are reddish. The head is mod-
erately large, and the difference between the large and small facets well marked, although
not very considerable.

According to Wiedemaini, this species is very like the European T. mir'ipilns Meig.

There is a superficial resemblance between this species and T. zonalls ; they are easily
distinguished, however, by the much broader yellow borders of the abdominal segments
and the reddish antealar tubercles of T. zonalls. The front of T. flavlpes is broader, the
palpi narrower, etc.

44. Tabanus zonalis.

Tahanus zonalis Kirliy, F:innfi Boi'e.'ili-Ainevicfinn, TV, p. 314, 2.
Tahaniis tarundi "Wiilkcr, List, etc., I, ]>. 150 ; fiinulc.
Tabanus terrcc novce Mac(ju,nrt, Dipt. Exot., 4' SuppL, p. .59, 109.

Female. Ej-es pubescent; third joint of antenna) red, more or less black at tip (some-
times the annulate portion alone is black, sometimes this color extends beyond it), dis-
tinctly excised above, with a projecting upper angle ; face and front clothed with a golden
yellow (in some cases whitish yellow) pollen ; cheeks with fulvous and black hairs; frontal
callosity black, nearly square, with a spindle-shaped, often disconnected line above; vertex
black ; p;d[)i brown, densely clothed with black hair. Thorax Ijlack, antealar tubercle red-
dish. Aljd.omen black, hind margin of all segments with a broad yellow border, formed by
yellow pollen, clothed with golden yellow hairs; on the second, and sometimes on the third
segments, this border has, anteriorly, a shallow excision, bounded on each side Ijy a pointed
projection ; venter black, the hind margins of the segments also bordered with yellow.
Femora black, reddish at the tip; tibite and tarsi reddish yellow; front tibia) at the tip, and
front tarsi, black ; hind til)ia^ with a distinct fringe of reddish hair. Wings tinged with
brownish; ferruginous brownish along the costa. Length, 17-18 nnu.

JIab. Has a wide distribution in the northern regions of North America ; Maine (Fer-
nal) ; northwestern parts of the Hudson's Bay Territory (R. Kennicott) ; Saskatchewan
River (Scudder); Washington Territory (G.Gibbs); Labrador (Packard); Canada (Quebec,
Belanger) ; Anticosti (Verrill) ; St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay (Walker);
Newfoundland (Walker and Macquart). I compare twenty-four female specimens.

In old and worn specimens the yellow portions of the body appear more whitish. The
typical specimen described by Kirby must have been in that condition, as appears from his
description. The mention of the reddish antealar callosity, as well as the measurement

4 04 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

(7i lines) given by Kirby, prove that he meant the above described species, and not T.
flampes. The eyes of the female (revived on wet sand) showed four dull green stripes, the
upper and lower one not defined on the outside, very like the eyes of T. ciiictus.

45. Tab anus cinctus.

Tiibanitx cinctus Fabricius, Ent. S3-st., IV, p. 36G, IS; Syst. Aiitl., p. 97, 20; Meipjen, Syst. Bcschr., etc., II,
p. 42, l(j (wIktc this s]iecies is erroneously quoted as Euro])eaii, an error corrected alterwards in the preface to
tlie third voliune).— Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot, I, p. 07, 10; Auss. Zw., I, lit), 12. — Harris, Ins. New Engl.,
3d Edit., p. 002, fig. 201.

3Tah and female. Eyes puliescent ; face brownish gray, beset on the cheeks with black-
ish hair ; palpi black, or dark brown ; front ( 9 ) yellowish lirown ; callosit}^ chestnut brown,
square or semi-oval, with a black, irregular prolongation above ; ocellar tul^ercle very dis-
tinct. Thorax black, somewhat shining, beset with l^lack hair. First three segments of
the abdomen yellowish red, beset with fulvous hair ; an inverted black triangle I'ests with
its base against the scutellum, and occupies with its apex the middle of the second segment ;
remaining segments of the abdomen deep black. Legs black. Wings brownish. Length,
18-] 9 mm.

Ilah. Massachusetts; White Mountains, N. H. (H.K.Morrison); Connecticut (South-
ington, in July, W. IL Patton) ; Pennsjdvania ; Maryland (Am. Entom. Soc.) ; Georgia
(J. Ridings) ; Virginia (Wiedem.). Mexico [?] (Walker, List, etc., L p. 153).

In the male of this species the difiereuce between the large and small facets of the ej'es
is hardly perceptible, and the line of demarcation between them is indistinct (at least in
dry specimens). The eyes of the female show four dull green stripes, the upper and lower
ones of which are not distinctly defnied on the outside. The pubescence on them is very
difficult to ascertain. This seems to be closely related to T. irUp'dus.

46. Tabanus trispilus.

Tahanus irisj-u'lus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., I, p. 150, C2.

Female. Face yellowish gray, with yellowish hairs on the cheeks ; palpi yellowish, beset
with short, black hair ; front gray ; callus black, semi-oval, prolonged above in a somewhat
spindle-shaped line ; ocellar tubercle very distinct, reddish ; antennas red, first joint with
gray pollen ; the third joint black on its distal end, broad, with a salient upper angle
and a shallow excision. Thorax blackish gray, with two faint longitudinal gray stripes
and a gray line between them ; under the lens these gray stripes appear beset with
minute fidvous hair ; antcalar tubercles reddish ; pleurte gray, beset with pale yellowish,
whitish and black hair. Abdomen grayish black (dark slate color), darker than the thorax ;
hind margins of segments with a narrow whitish border, beset with a fringe of whitish
hairs ; in the middle of this border, on segments two to five, a very distinctly defined white
triangle, occupying the whole breadth of the segment ; that on segment two is the largest,
this segment being the broadest; that on segment five is very small, often almost obsolete;
there is also a small whitish spot in the middle of the first segment, under the scutellum ;
the lateral margins of the abdomen are whitish, and beset with white hairs. Venter Avhit-

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 465

ish gray, with a broad blackish longitudinal stripe in the middle. Logs black ; proximal
half of the tibiae more or less reddish brown. Wings tinged with brownish gray ; a shade
of brownish runs from the stigma across the central crossveins ; costal and basal cells also
with a faint brownish tinge ; first posterior cell open.

Male. Much darker in coloring than the female. Head of moderate size ; the demarca-
tion between the large and small focets is hardly visible, as these facets differ in size but
very little. Thorax black, beset with black hair; anteriorly some grayish pollen and yel-
lowish hair ; longitudinal stripes obsolete ; antealar tubercle dark reddish ; pleune beset
with yellowish hairs, and with blackish ones in the middle ; abdomen black, often dark
brown on the sides of the second and third seti-ments ; white triantrles on segments two and
three very distinct, silvery white, that on segment four smaller, often subobsolete ; the
hind margins of the segments have no fringe of white hair, but a narrow border of whitish
pollen is visible in a certain light. Venter black or brown ; hind margins of segments
white. Wings with a brownish tinge, somewhat more saturate than in the female. Length,
14-15 mm.

Hah. New England (Caml^ridge, Mass., in July, White Mountains, July 13, S. 11. Scud-
der; Sotithington, Conn., July, W. IL Patton) ; Illinois; New York; also Middle States
(Am. Ent. Soc). I have three males and seven females before me.

The eyes are pubescent; in the female, however, the pubescence is very difficult to per-
ceive. The e\es of the female show four bright green stripes, with purple intervals of
nearly the same breadth.

1 had some doubts about the identification of this species with the T. (rtsjiihis of Wiede-
mann ; first, because he does not mention that the eyes are pubescent, although he had a
male specimen, in which his pubescence is usually very distinct ; secondly, because he calls
the jjubesOence on the cheeks bi^oionlsh, while it is yellowish gray. Through Dr. Redten-
bacher's kindness I have been able to remove these doubts. He has caused Wiedemann's
type in the Vienna Museum to be examined, and informs me that it has distinctly pubes-
cent eyes, and that the hairs on the cheeks are grayish, and not brownish.

47. Tabanus lasiophthalmus.

Tahanus lasiop/ithahntis Macqn.irt, Dipt. Exot., I, 1, p. 143, 45.
TubnuKS notabilis W;ilker, List., etc., I, p. 16G.

Female. Eyes pubescent; face yellowish white, with hair of the same color; palpi
rather stout, whitish yellow, with white and more or less black hair ; front rather broad,
slightly converging anterioily, yellowish gray, mixed with brown, and with short black
pile ; frontal callosity Ijlack ; Ijelow it the subcallus is usually Ijare, black, shining ; above
the callosity a small, denuded blackish spot, usuallj' disconnected from it, and surrounded
with a brownish shade ; ocellar tubercle verj- distinct, a brownish shade around it ; antennre
reddish, more or less black at the tip of the third joint, tlie latter with a pi-ojecting, nearly
rectnngidar, upper angle. Thorax grnyish black, with a shade of Ijrown ; the usual longi-
tudinal grayish lines, in well preserved specimens, are beset with fulvous hair ; antealar
tubercle somewhat reddish ; pleuraj gray, with whitish hair. Abdomen brownish black in
the middle, yellowish or reddish brown on the sides ; large oblique yellowish white lateral

MEMOIES BOST. SOC. XAT. UI3T. VOL Zl. 117

466 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S TRODROME

spots on each segment, gradually diminishing and becoming move rounded posteriorly ; at
the middle of the hind mai'gin of the segments a small fiino-e of yellowish hair, sometimes
assuming a subtriangular sliape. Venter yellowish, often more or less blackish, (;lothed
with a thin graj'ish i)ollen and yellowisli hairs. Legs yellowish red, base of femora, to a
greater or less extent, Ijlack ; tarsi black, except the base of the four posterior ones, which
is reddish ; tips of front tibii\3 blackish. Wings hyaline; crossveins and Infurcation of the
third vein clouded with brown ; first posterior cell broadly open.

Male. Face dark grayish, beset with blackish hair; antenntie darker; third joint more
narrow ; thorax clothed with denser blackish i)ile, gray lines less distinct ; legs black, ti))ia3
and ])ase of four posterior tarsi reddish brown. Length, 12-lC nun., both sexes ))eing
rather variable in size.

Hah. United States and British Possessions; not rare. (Massachusetts; Maine; De-
troit, Mich.; Illinois; (Quebec, Canada, etc.)

I have seen AValker's T. noiaVdh in the British Museum.

48. Tabaiius aSinis.

Tabamis affinis Kirby, Fauna Bor.-Amcr., IV, p. 313, 1.

Female. Eyes pidjcscent ; palpi brownish yellow, with short black hairs ; second joint
moderately stout at base ; face yellowish gray ; antenna) dark red, third joint black on its
latter half, its basal portion rather laroad, the upper angle projecting and the excision well
marked ; front dark yellowish gray, somewhat convergent anteriorly, clothed with black
hair; callosity black (seldom reddish), rather small for the size of the species, with a usually
spindle-shaped prolongation ; ocellar tul)ei-cle brownish IJack, very distinct. Thorax dark
grayish black Avith a tinge of Ijrownish, and a\ ith more or less distinct gray lines ; antealar
tubercles reddish. Sides of the first four abdominal segments rufous, which color leaves a
black stripe in the middle, narrowest on the second segment, and expanding on the third
and fourth (in some specimens the fourth segment is almost black, with only a roiuided
reddish spot on each side ; in others the red color invades even the fifth segment) ; on
each of the segments two to five, on the black stripe, there is a triangular whitish yellow
spot (formed by pollen overgrown with pubescence), the last of which, on segment five, is
subobsolete ; hind margins of segments yellowish, with a fringe of yellowish hairs ; better
preserved specimens show, on segments two and thi'ee, traces of lateral oblique yellowish
spots. Venter rufous, last two or three segments black. Front legs black, base of tibia3
reddish ; on the hind legs the end of the femora, the tibia) and tarsi are rufous ; tibiie with
a fringe of Ijlack liairs. Wings with a faint Ijrownish gray tinge, more marked in the cos-
tal cell and across the central crossveins; first posterior cell broadly open. Length, 17-
20 mm.

Ilah. Northern United States and British Possessions. I have about three dozen
specimens from Fort Good Hope, Lake Athal)asca, Portage and Slave Lake, Lake Winnipeg,
Lake Superior (Michipicoten) ; Bethel, Me. ; White Mts., N. H.

The antennaj are sometimes black, with a trace of red at the base of the third joint only.
The identification cannot be doubtful, as this is the largest among the allied species.

OF THE TABAXID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 467

49. Tabanus socius n. sp. ■=. exi^WW^.O^,

Female. Is very like T. offinis ; it will be sufficient to indicate the differences. Smaller
in size, being only 1-j-lG mm. loni^- ; the coloring- of the dark jwrtions is of a lighter gray,
sonie^vhat slate color ; the second joint of the palpi is shorter and much stouter at the base,
the color of the palpi is paler ; antenna; of a lighter red, last joint but very little infuscated
towards the end ; the yellowish brown at the base of the front tibiti; is more extended here,
in many specimens the tiliia^ are black at the tip only; the front is distinctly coarctate
anteriorly, but narrower than in T.affinis; the linear i>ru]ongation of the callus in most
specimens forms a slightly elevated ridge, sometimes nearl\' reaching the ocellar tubercle.
Length, 15-16 mm. I have about a dozen of specimens from the northwestern parts of
the Hudson's Bay Territory (Fort Simpson, Kennicott), agreeing in these characters; also
two specimens from Illinois. All these specimens have the antealar tubercle reddish.

This species is most remarkaljly like the common European T. tropkns ; however, a
specimen of the latter in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, labelletl by Dr. Loew, has
a somewhat broader front, the antealar tubercles black, the antenniw somewhat more brown-
ish at the tip. I sent a specimen of T. socius to Dr. Loew, who declared it to be different
from his T. trojiicns.

There seems to be a good deal of uncertainty connected with the European species of
this group. Dr. Schiner, Fauna Austr., Diptera, I, p. 30-31, makes iropicifs (non Linne)
Loew = sohtidaUs (Meig.) Schiner; tropicus (Limie) Schiner = Jurldus {won YaWhw)
Loew; ixwdi lurldus Fallen (non Loew) =^ tropicus V-m\7.qy. Loew observes (Verb. Zool.
Bot. Ges., 1858, p. 580), in a note to the description of T. tropicus, that '■ the difficulties
concerning this species are increased by the fact that there are evidently several other
species yet coming in conflict here, which cannot be distinguished with certainty in single
specimens." Similar difficulties proljably exist among the North American species.

T. vlcbuis Macq., Dipt. Exot., I, 1, p. 143, 41 (^Carolina) apparently belongs in this
relationship.

50. Tabanus septentrionalis.

Tabanus scpt<:ntrionalis Loow, Verb. Zuol. Bot., 1858, p. 593.

I translate Dr. Loew's description :

"Female. Ex-cinereo niirricans. abdomine trifuriam cinereo maculato, maculis lateralibus
obliquis, margini postico vix contiguis, ti))iis ol)Scure testaceis, oeulis hirtis, trifasciatis. paljiis
nigropilosis, antennis nigris, frontis callo infero et liuea longitudinali media atris. Long.
Corp. lin. ; long. al. 5J lin.

''(Cinereous blackish, abdomen with three rows of cinereous spots, the lateral ones
oblique, hardly touching the hind margin, tibia3 dark testaceous, eyes hairy, with three
stripes, palpi with black hairs, antennte black ; frontal callosity and a longitudinal line in
the middle, black; length 13 nnn.)

"The great uniformity which prevails through the whole dipterous fauna in the arctic
regions, and the resemblance between T. septentrionalis and the two preceding species,^

^T. quatuornotatus Muig. and nUjiicornia Zctt.

4G8 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S TEODROME

may serve as an excuse for my mentioning this species among those of the European fauna.
It is smaller than the other two, its coloring is a darker blackish gray, with an admixture of
brown. Face and front ^-ellowish cinereous ; the former, as well as the cheeks, is beset
with black and pale yellowish hairs. The palpi, of a dirty whitish, are beset with black
hairs, not only on the second, but also at the end of the first joint; a character especially
distinctive of this species. ' Antenna3 black, only the third joint, at the extreme basis some-
times dark reddish, the first in the shape of a cap (Kappenfoermig), and beset, as -well as
the second, with short black hairs ; the third joint is but little excised. Front of medium
breadth, with a square, shining black callosity, above which is a shining black longitudinal
line, not quite connected with the callosity. Eyes strongly pubescent, with three cross-
bands, which have the same position as in T. qualuornotatus. With the soft, pale yellowish
pile on the thoracic dorsum, the pleura? and tlie cox;u, man_y lilack hairs are mixed ; the
pollinose pale longitudinal lines on the thorax are but little apparent, the intermediate one
especially is almost obsolete. The lateral spots on the abdomen are more roundeil than
in T. qiicduornotaius, but in a similar position ; the hind margins of the segments have a
delicate, rather whitish fringe of hairs ; the broad longitudinal stripe in the middle of the
blackish gray venter is usually more distinct than in the related species, as the coloring of
the anterior segments beside it is often reddish ; when this is not the case, the stripe is
hai'dly more apparent than in the other species. Femora black, mostly with black hairs ;
the extreme tip of the femora and the tibite yellowish brown, the latter more or less black-
ish at the end. Wings with a more distinct dusky tinge than in T. quataornotcdus and
nigricornis, the stigma dark brown, the first posterior cell a little more coarctate at the tip
than in those species."
Hah. Labrador.

1. Among the numerous specimens belonging in the vicinity of the European T. qua-
htornotaius, I have a single one, likewise from Labrador (Caribou Island, Straits of Belle
Isle, A. S. Packard), which answers the above description with regard to the black hairs on
the cheeks and on the first joint of the palpi ; only it is a little larger (between 14 and
15 mm.).

2. Two other specimens from Labrador agree in all respects with the former ; they are
a little smaller, and have no black hairs on the cheeks, or on the first joint of the palpi.

3. Two specimens from Yukon River, Alaska (R. Kennicott), agree in everything with
the specimen from Labrador, first mentioned, except that they have no black hairs on the
cheeks and on the first palpal joint.

4. Seven specimens from Lake Winnipeg (Scudder), and five from some other localities
(Massachusetts ; Michipicoten, Lake Superior, Quebec, Canada), have the sides of the abdo-
men reddish on the first three or four segments, and the venter more or less reddish. They
are more slender than the specimens from Labrador and Yukon River, and the triangles in
the middle of the aljdominal segments in most of them seem larger and more distinctly
marked ; the base of the third antennal joint is bright red in most of these specimens.

5. Three specimens fi-om Maine (Mount Desert and the sea shore, B. P. Mann), and
one from Minnesota (Scudder) are smaller than the former lot (12.5 mm.), without any
reddish on the sides of the abdomen, and have the gray spots ou the abdomen, both inter-
mediate and latei\al, very distinct.

OF THE TABANID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 469

Some of these groups of specimens, especially the groups 3 and 4, mav really belong (o
different species, although I confess myself unable to characterize them as such to my own
satisfaction. They all have the same characteristic comparatively narrow and hardly
excised third antennal joint ; nor do I perceive any appreciable difl'erence in the shape of
the front or of the palpi. Some of them even have a few black hairs on the cheeks and on
the first joint of the palpi, but not nearly so distinctly as the specimen fi'om Labrador of
the group No. 1.

51. Tabanus illotus n. sp.

Female. E3'es pubescent ; front rather broad, slightly converging anteriorly, brownish,
mixed with gray, beset with black hair ; callosity black, nearly square, its linear proknga-
tiou above but weakly marked, usually appearing as an ill deiined oblong daik spot. Face
and cheeks of a rather pure grayish white, with white hairs ; palpi stout, pale yellowish,
with small black hairs. Antennte : third joint moderately broad and moderately excised,
with a well marked upper angle ; its color is more or less dark reddish, its distal half black.
Thorax blackish, with faint gray lines, antealar tubercles usually reddish, pleurje gray, Avilh
long, wdrite hairs. Abdomen blackish ; on the second segment two obliquely placed whitish
(in rubbed off specimens pale reddish) lateral spots, not touching the hind margin (the
whitish pollen and pubescence covering them reach the margin); on the third segments
two much smaller and rounded spots, of the same color ; on the following segments two
still smaller whitish, rather faint spots, visible only in well preserved specimens, and with-
out any reddish under them ; Moi\e of these spots are in contact with the hind margin of
the segment ; between these lateral spots triangular intermediate spots contiguous to the
hind margin are more or less visible, especially on the second and third segments. The
venter is covered with a delicate white pollen and with minute whitish hairs ; its ground
color is black, with more or less reddish in the middle, and a blackish stripe upon it. Coxas
and femora black, with a whitish pollen and long white hairs ; front tibiae reddish yellow,
black towards the tip ; middle tibia3 altogether reddish, the hind tibifB reddish brown ; all
the ti])ia3 beset with whitish hairs, the fringe of the last pair consisting sometimes of white,
sometimes of black hairs, or of both mixed ; tarsi brown. Wings suljhyaline ; f\iint brown-
ish clouds on the central crossveins, at the base of the second posterior cell and en the
bifurcation of the third vein; stigma brown. Length, 12-14 mm.

Hah. Fort Eesolution, Hudson's Bay Territory (R. Kennicott) ; Yukon River, Alat-ka
(Kennicott); Eed River of the North (Scudder). 1 have a dozen specimens before me.

This species is easily recognized among others by the rather conspicuous spots on the
second and third abdominal segments, while the spots on the following segments are smaller
and much less visible. In many specimens a reddish ground color shines through the
spots on the segments two and three, while it never appears on the following segments.
The faint clouds on the crossveins are also a good distinguishing character.

I have two specimens from Fort Resolution, one from Lake "Winnipeg (Scudder), one from
Quebec (Belanger), two from Labrador (Caribou Island, Straits of Belle Isle, A. S. Packard),
one from Anticosti (Verrill),and one from Minnesota, all of which have the face and checks,
as well as the hair upon them, somewhat yellowish, instead of pure grayish white or white ;
the small black hairs on the palpi are denser, especially towards the tip, making the palpi

MEMOIRS BOST. SOC. NAT, HIST. VOL. H. 118

470 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

appear darker ; in one of the specimens (Quel)ec) there are black hairs, even on the first
joint; the wings have a more distinct brownish tinge, especially the costal and the two
basal cells ; the underside of the body, including chest and pleurte, is much darker, beset
with blackish and yellowish, but no white hairs; on the femora also the pollen is more
yellowish gray, less conspicuous, and the hairs on the front femoi'a are black, on the hind
ones yellowish ; the gray spots on the third and the following segments seem to be larger.
All these specimens have the snbcallus denuded, black or brown, shining. In all other
respects, and in general appearance, these specimens look exacth' like the t3pical T. lUotns.
It may be that this is a different species.

52. Tabanus microceplialus n. sp.

Female. Head small, in comparison to the bulk of the body; eyes pubescent; front of
moderate breadth, hardly narrowed anteriorly, gray, mixed with brownish ; callosity black
or brown, prolonged al)Ove in a rather stout black line ; vertex blackish ; the jjlack hairs on
the front are short and inconspicuous. Palpi yellowish, stout at the base, tapering in a
rather elongated point, clothed with short black hairs ; face grayish white, with white
hairs ; antennoa more or less dark reddish ; first joint often nearly black, with giayish
pollen above, the third black towards the tip ; the shape of the third joint is peculiar: it
is narrow, the body of the joint is rather smrdl. hardly excised above, thus haviiig a blunt
and l)ut little projecting upper angle ; the annulate portion is stout, the joints composing it
very distinct. Thorax gi-ayish black, Avith rather distinct gray lines; pleurio gray. Abdo-
men rather large, in comparison to the size of the thorax, grayish black, with thi-ee distinct
rows of gray spots ; the spots of the intermediate series are triangular, the largest and
most distinct on the second and third segments, where their apex often has a linear prolon-
gation reaching the anterior margin of the segment ; the lateral spots are oblique triangles,
resting on the liind margins of the segments, and having their outer ends prolonged
towards the lateral margin. Venter grayish, the reddish ground color being often visible
under the gray pollen. Wings suljhyaline ; stigma dark brown ; first posterior cell broadly
open. L?gs reddish Ijrown, clothed with blackish and whitish hairs; tarsi darker; femora
with gray pollen (sometimes they are dark brown). Length, 14-10 mm.

3J(ile. I have three males betbre me, which, owing to the structure of their antcnncT, I
refer to this species. They do not materially differ from the female, except that the head
is comparatively larger; the hairs on cheeks and palpi are black ; the abdominal markings
less distinct. The largest of the three specimens (nearly 16 unii.) has the sides of the
abdomen red on segments one to four ; owing to this ground color the lateral gray spots
are l)ut little apparent. In the second specimen, which is a little smaller, there is less red
on the sides ; in the third (about 12 nnn.) the red is hardly perceptible, and the lateral gray
spots are more distinct. These specimens were taken in the White Mountains, with a num-
ber of females, Ijy Mr. Morrison.

Ilah. White Mts., N. 11. (Scudder and Morri.son) ; Trenton Falls, N. Y. (in July, 1874,
by myself) ; Massachusetts (Sanborn). I have twelve females and three males before me.

The eyes of this species have four green stripes, the two inner ones especially brilliant
bluish green ; intermediate spaces purple. The shape of the antenna^, and the peculiar

OF THE TABANID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 471

outline of the whole boly (in the female), owing to the comparatively small head and large
abdomen, will render the recognition of this species easy.

53. Tabanus astutus n. sp.

Female. Palpi long and narrow, not incrassated at the base, dark yellowsli with black
hairs; face and cheeks grayish, with a slight yellowish tinge and gray hair ; front rather
broad, gray; callosity large, black, almost square; above it a somewhat lanceolate black
spot, almost or entirely disconnected from the callosity. Third antennal joint moderately
broad, and but little excised, still with a distinctly projecting upper angle; the color is daik
reddish, black towards the tip; the segments of the annulate portion very distinct. 1 bo-
rax grayish black, well preserved specimens with very distinct whitish gray, partly yellow-
ish, lines; pleurae gray. Abdomen grayish black, with three rows of whiti>-h triangles
resting on the hind margins of the segments ; the lateral ones are oblique, obtuse angular,
with the outer angle prolonged towards the lateral margin. Venter grayish, with whitish
incisures, an indistinct dark longitudinal stripe in the middle. Legs brown ; the four hind
femora on the proximal half, the tarsi and the ends of the front tibiie daik brown, nearly
black ; sometimes the leg^ are altogether black, except the proximal half of the tibia^,
which is brownish ; in such specimens the gra}- pollen on the femora, and grayish yellow
hairs on the femora and tibiie, are more apparent. Wings nearly hyaline ; stigma brown ;
first posterior cell broadly open. Length, 10-13 mm.

Ilah. White Mts., N. IL (near North Conway, Aug. 16, 1S74, two specimens taken by
me) ; Manlius, N. Y. (J. II. Comstock) ; Southington, Conn, (in July, W. H. Patton). I
have six females before me.

The coloring and the markings of this species reseml)le T. microcejyhahts very much ;
but the T. astufus is smaller, and the general outline is different, as it has neither the small
head nor the large abdomen of the former. The most striking distinctive character, how-
ever, consists in the palpi, which here are long and narrow, and not so much incrassated at
the base as in mkrocephalus. The front is much broader here, and the antenna; have a
more distinctly projecting upper angle. The eyes " are not unlike those of mlcrocephalus,
only the middle stripes more green than blue; the upper one very little marked " ; (note
taken by me from the living specimens).

The old and faded specimens, which I consider to be females of T. vivcix (see No. 20),
are not unlike this species ; the}- differ, how^ever, in having the eyes glabrous, and the lateral
abdominal spots more distinctly angular rather than triangidar, that is, in having the
longest oblique side more distinctly excised in the miildle ; the palpi are broader and more
knee-shaped at the base of the second joint; the general outline of the body is different,
the thorax being comparatively longer and the abdomen narrower ; the third antennal joint
is somewhat broader ; the anterior of the three short veins, connecting the discal cell with
the margin, is straighter, not so markedly arcuate as it is in T. astiitas and T. m'uro-
ceplialus.

The males, of course, will be easier to distinguish, that of T. vloax having a large head,
with the large and small facets very distinctly differentiated ; while the unknown male of
T. astutus must belong to the group with the small heads and but little differentiated flicets.

472 C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME

54. Tabanus rhombicus n. sp.

Female. Front comjiaratively broad, gray, slightly coarctate anteriorly ; callosity black,
with a black, shining sul)callus ; foee whitish gray, -with white hairs ; palpi 3'ellowish, stout
at base, clothed with short, black hairs ; antenna? more or less dark reddish, the thii-d joint
black, more or less red at base, its upper angle very shallow. Thorax grayish black with
gray lines ; pleuras gray. Al)domen grayish black, with gray spots, as follows : on the
second and third segments an equilateral triangle in the middle, and an oblique one on each
side ; the following segments show a grayish hind margin, with a fiinge of grayish hair
expanded into a veiy faint triangle in the middle, and but sliglitly expanded on each side,
where the lateral triangles should lie ; (all these markings seem to ru!) off very easily ;
especiall_y the intermediate row of triangles, formed of hairs only, with hardly any gray
pollen under them) ; the sides of the second segment sometimes laintly reddish. Venter
blackish, Avith a dense gray pollen and fringes of whitish hairs ; sometimes the first and
second segments are faintly reddish on the sides. Femora black, with gray pollen ; tibia?
and tarsi reddish In-own; front tibia? on their distal half and front tarsi dark brown (in
some specimens the tibia? and tarsi are much darker than in others). Wings subliyaline ;
stigma brown ; a very faint, small cloud on the bifurcation of the third vein and at the base
of the second posterior cell ; first posterior cell broadly open. Length, 13-15 mm.

Hah. Colorado Mountains (Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, J. Ridings). I have six specimens,
only one of which con be called tolerably well preserved. Four specimens from British
Columljia (Crotch) seem to belong to the same species. Two specimens from the British
Possessions (Saskatchewan or Lake Winnipeg, S. H. Scudder) may perhaps also belong
here ; they are smaller, somewhat narrower, and the abdomen more reddish on the sides.

T. rhomhlcus is very like T. mlcrocejihalus in its general appearance, Ijut its head is
comparatively larger, the front broader, the subcallus (in all my specimens at least) is
denuded, the bifurcation of the third vein shows a little cloud, which, although faint, is
sufficiently distinct, the fen)ora are darker, etc. In most specimens the ocellar tubercle is
not denuded of pollen, although the eminence is 2:)lainly visible. The markings of the
abdomen aie very like those of 2\ microccjihahis, only the triangles of the intermediate
row are larger.

List of the treviously described Species wnicn rejiaix unkxown", unrecognized or doubtful;

ALL FROM NORTO AMERICA, NORTH OF MeXICO.
LiNNE.

T. calois (Syst. Nat,, p. 1000, 0) is not giganieus DcGcci- {^Uneatus Fab.), although quoted by Dl^Gcci-;

about the confusion existing with regard to tliis species, see Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, p. 135. The

name is better left in abeyance for the present.
T. exccstuans (Sy.st. Nat., II, p. 1000, 8) ; see No. 10, T. mclanocerus Wied.
Fabricius.

T. marginaUs (Syst. Antl., 00, 31). Very doubtful species; doubtful also wliether Wiedemann descril)ed

the same species (compare Auss. Z\v., I, p. 166) ; my No. 20, T. viuax, seems to be the nearest to it.
Palisot-Beauvois.

T. femigiireus (Tab. HI, f. 2, p. 221).
T. nelndosHs (Tabjll, f 4, 5, p. 222).
T.pcdUdus (Tab.ffi, f. 3, ]>. 100).
T.prilpinus (Tab. Ill, f. 1, p. 221).

I cannot make out these specie j.

OF THE TABANID^ OF THE UNITED STATES. 473

Wiedemann.

T. anmilcitus Sny. (Auss. Zw., I, p. 185). Ccrtninly not among the species of whlcli I liave specimens.

T. gracilis (Auss. Z\v., I, p. 15G, 71, Georgia) nnl<nown; see T. tencr O. S. No. 11.

T. iiif/rijx's (Ibit-1., p. 14'2, 50) ; see No. 13, T. coffeattis Macq.
Macquaet.

T. bultimorcnsis (DI]it. Exot., 5= Sup].!., p. 34; Baltimove). Perhaps T. costcdis WieiL?

T. Jico/or (Ibid., 2= Suppl, p. ^1 ; South Carolina). Perhaps T. {jiijuateus DeGoer, female ? Compare
this species (No. 37).

7*. ccB«o/fl«p?flft^s (Ibid., 5° Suppl., p. 32 ; Baltimore). Perhaps T. rjiganieus DeGecr, male? See this
species (No. 37).

T. carolinensis (Ibid., I, 1, p. 145; Carolina) ; belongs in the group of T. socius, or perhaps of T. micro-
ccphalus, astuius, etc. ?

T. cinguhitus (Ibid., I, 1, p. 144, 4G ; Philadelphia). I do not recognize this species.

T. dorsonotatKS (Ibid., 2' Suppl., p. 22; Carolina; a male). May be the male of T. rufus Pal. No. 34,
which I have not seen?

T. fiisconcrvosus (Ibid., I, 1, p. 147, 42 ; no locality ; Walker, List, etc., I, p. 149, has it from Florida).
May be T. turhidus Wied. No. 1.

T. hirliocidatus (Ibid., S' Sup[il., p. 33, 128 ; Baltimore ; a male). Ei/rs pidirscoU. I do not know this
si)ecies. The words '• anlennes .... a dent un peu alhjugee," may betray the male of my T. ceras-
tes No. 42.

T. nanus (Ibid., 1" Suppl., p. 42, 88; Texas) ; see my T. 2)sammoj)hihis No. 18 ; the name is preoccu-
pied by Wiedemann.

T. Novcc Scotice (2' Suppl., p. 24, 110). Unrecognizable.

T. punctijyennis (2° Suppl., p. 23, 108; Philadel]jliia). Agrees exactly with T. lasio^yhthalrmts No. 47,
excejit that the pubescence of the eyes is not mentioned. In any case the name must be given up,
as there is an earlier T. piinctipemiis by Macquart himself; Dipt. Exot., I, 2, p. 185.

T. vicinvs (Ibid., I, 1, p. 143, 44; Carolina) ; of tlie group of my T. socius No. 49.

T. utiicolor (Ibid., 2'' Suppl., p. 22, 107 ; Carolina). I no not know this species. There is a much earlier
T. unicolor Wied.

RONDANI.

T. chdioptenis. I transcribe the rather inaccessible description. (Female.) Ocidi nudi. Antennaj
supcrne in dentem non extensaj, fulvse. Palp)i fulvesccntes. Frons rufi. Fades sordide albicans.
Thorax dorso fnlvo-rubescente, pleuris paulo grisescentibus. Scutelhim fulvo-ruboscens, niargine
paulo griseo. Ahdornen fulvo-rufescens, segmentis penultimo et prwcedente in medio paulo fuscis ;
omnibus lineola marginali postica, parum manifesta, sublutcscente. SqitamcB ct /i«Zto"es fulvesccntes.
J'edcs fulvo-rufi, tarsis vix obscurioribus, et gcniculis angustissime lutescentibus. Ake paulo infus-
cataa, circa venas aliquantulum fusco lutescentes, ad venarum conjunctiones fusco-nigricantis (sic)
maodatre. Stigmata et costa anguste fusco-lutea. Longit., raillim. 18. Carolina. (Nnovi Annali
di Sc. Nat. di ijologna, Scpt.-Oct., 1850.)
I do not know this species.
Walker.

T. comes (List, etc., I, p. 172. T. inscitus; changed into T. comes, Iliid., V, p. 173; Hudson's B.ay Terr. ;
Nova Scotia). The author describes a specimen without head. I find in my notes that when, in
1859, I visited the British Museum, T. conies was represented in it by five sjiccimens, belonging to
three different species, all of them of the difficult groups of T. niarginalis Wied., or 1\ illotus O. S.

T. confusvs (List, etc., I, p. 147; Georgia).

T. iniitans (List, etc., I, p. 146 ; Georgia).
Both of the group of T. ahdominedis ; perhaps this very species.

T. conUrmimis (Dipt. Saunders., p. 24 ; LTnited States). The description of the abdomen suggests T.
costalis ; but the thorax is s.aid to be gray, with hoary hairs.

T. derivatus (List, etc., I, p. 151 ; North America). Walker says he describes a male ; in the British
Museum I saw a single female specimen, which, at that time, I did not recognize. The descrijition
suogests nothing to me now, and is rather unmeaning. There is some confusion in the Latin diag-
nosis, where in the third line, uigris must, I suppose, be read instead oi fulois.

474 C. R. OSTEX SACKEN'S PRODROME

T. duplex (List, etc., T, ji. 173, T. imiUtns; uninc clmnged, il)i(l., V, ji. 173; Hudson's Bay Ternlory).' I

cannot iilentify it.
T. frontiiUs (List, etc., I, ]i. 17"2 ; Xova Scotia). Said to be allied to No. 48, T. affiais Kirby, but will

be difficnlt to identify fi'oni the descriiition.
T'. //(/yq/'/vf^,'?' (List, etc., r, p. 181 ; Illinois). In tlie Biitish Mnseum a single very bad ami indistinct

sjiecimen. The deserijition is absolutely unmeaning.
T. inrisas (Dijit. Saund., p. 20; Cape Breton). Unknown; the abdomen must be somewhat like that of T.

lineolu.
T. intermedins (List, etc., I, p. 173 ; Hudson's Bay Ten-itory; male and female). Unknown.
T. leucomehis (List, etc., I, p. 175; Georgia). Description very unmeaning ; in coloring it seems to be

like my T. socius, or like 7'. viciiiKs Macq.
7'. miitatus (Dijit. Saund., I, p. 23; United States). The description suggests T. costalls Wied., or some

species closely resembling it, but larger.
T. patidus (List, etc., I, p. 175 ; Georgia). I do not know this species.

T. proximus (List, etc., I, p. 147 ; Florida) is ten lines long; very jirobably described from an unrecog-
nizable specimen of some well known S]ieeies.
T. recedei.-s (List, etc., I, p. 147; Florida). Must be like my No. 5, T. ca/einiti/s, perhaps the same.
T. r/i/ofrater (Dipt. Saunders, I, p. 20 ; Georgia). Very incom[ilete description, perhaps my Xo. 13,

7'. ii/ii r.
T. scitus (List, etc., I, ji. 181) comes nearest to my Xo. 42, T. arastes, on account of the structure of

the antennrc; in other respects the descri|)tion is unmeaning.
T. triUgalHS (List, etc., V, p. 183 ; Arctic America); ajiparently a somewhat smaller specimen of No. 48,

T. affiais Kirby. Tlie deseriptii.)n of antennw and l>alpi, and of tlie brownish coloring, excludes the

synonymy of No. 49, T. socius.

Additions to Part I of tde Prodeome of the TABAXiDiE of the United States.

ChrysojJS jmdlciis (page 381). Three female specimens from Ft. Capron, Florida, April
11, 12 (collected by ]\Ie^srs. Hubbard and Schwartz), do not seem to differ from my other
specimens ; only the distal margin of the crossl)and of the wing is straighter, and not
slightly sinuate in the tliird posterior cell, as I find it in my typical specimens.

Two females from Sag Harbor, Long Island (cauglit by myself in Jidy, 1875). Jtacc an
altogether hlach frontal callosltij ; the coloring of the body and wings is darker and more,
intense, and the outlines of the abdominal spots and tlie design of the wings are better
defined. In other respects the agreement with the typical specimens is perfect.

Chri/sops morosits (page 389). Three females and a male from Florida (Cedar Keys,
June 4; Ft. Capron, April !) ; Indian River, April) do not show any trace of yellow abdom-
inal stripes, and agree in this respect with tlie specimens mentioned in Part I, p. 390.
I think now that such specimens belong to C. morosics, which would in this case occur
as often with as without yellow stripes on the abdomen. I also feel more inclined now
than before, to identify this species with C. liigens Wied.

Clirijsops frifjidus, female (page 384). Varieties occur in which the red of the al)do-
men prevails at the expense of the black. An extreme case of this kind was communicated
to me by Mr. Dimmock, in which even the fecial callosities were reddish. In this speci-
men the second segment was altogether reddish, except a small subtriangnlar spot in the mid-
dle ; the two following segments were blackish along their anterior margin only ; the last
three segments, although black, were laterally and posteriorly margined with yellow. For

OF THE TABAXID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. 475

such exceptional specimens tlie analytical table of course cannot serve. Mr. Dimmock had
seen a male, and I now entertain no douljt that the two sexes, as described by me, belong
too-ether.

Biahasis (page 39G). In preparing the first part of this paper I had neglected to search
the title to priority of the genus Diahasis. I find now that the name is preoccupied by
HofF.nmnsegg in Wiedemann's Zoolog. Magazin, I, 1, p. 44, 1817, for a group of Buteke
(Coleoptera). The genus is also accepted in Harold and Gemminger's Catalogue. For
the Talxinid I propose therefore the name Dlachlorus which means striped with green in
allusion to the color of the eyes.

List of the described Tabaxid.e froji IMexico, Central America and the

West Indies.

PANGONIA.

aurulans Wiedemann, Au«s. Z\v., II, p. 620, VI. Mexico.

atrifera Wallcer, Trans. Ent. Soc, N. S., V, p. 272. Mexico.

flavohirta Bellar.li, Saggio, etc., I, p. 49. Mexico.

fulvi thorax Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., I, p. 89; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra, etc., p. 797. Brazil (Wied.) ; Cuba

(Bi-„t).
incerta Bellnrdi, Saggio, etc., I, p. .52. IMexico.

nigronotata Maequart, Dipt. Exot., 4' Suppl., ]i. 27, 5G; Tal). 11, f. 5 ; Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 51. Mexico.
planivantris ]\I:icquart, Di[)t. Exot., 4° Suiipl., p. 20, .5.5. Mexico.
rhinopliora ]>ellardi, S.iggio, etc., I, p. 4G; Tab. II, f. 1. Mexico,
rcstrifera Be!lai-di, Saggio, etc., I, ]>. 47. Mexico.
Sallei Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 50. Mexico.
Saussurei Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 49, Tab. II, f. 4. Mexico.

semiflava Ayiedemann. Auss. Z\v., II, 13. 622, 16; Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. .51, Tab. II, f. 2. Mexico.
teiailiroSLns n alker, Irans. 4!.nt. boc, N. S., V, p. 2(2. Mexico.
Wiedsmanni Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 48, Tub. II, f. 3. Mexico. T. lasilaris Wiedemann, Auss. Z\v., II,

p. 621.

LEPIDOSELyi:GA.

lepidota Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., T, p. 10.3 {Tyhuhus) \ Perty, Delectus, etc., p. 1S3, Tab. XXXVI, f. 9
(ILidru.^) ; :\Iacquart,Dii.t. Exot., I, 1, ]>. 154, Tab. XVIII, f! 3; Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 75 {Iladnis) ;
accordmg to Loew, Centur., VIIF, 8. only the female described by Bellardi, belongs here. Brazil, Guy-
ana (Maequart, Perty) ; Mexico (Bellardi). Mcematopota crassipes Fabricius, Syst. Autl., p. 108, 4.
(Synonymy after Loew, 1. c.)

recta Loew, Centur., VIII, 8. New Granada ; Blexico. JTadrus lepidotus Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 75;
male. (Synonymy after Loew, 1. c.)

DICIIELACERA.

fasciata Walker, Dipt. Sauml., I, p. 68. North America.
abiens Walker, List, etc., I, p. 191. West Indies.
scapularis Maequart, Dipt. Exot., 2° Suppl, p. 15, 9. Mexico.

CHRYSOPS.

glgantulus Loew, Centur. X, 12. California,

affiiiis Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 70, Tab. II, f. 14. Mexico.

apicalis Bellardi, 1. c, p. 73. Mexico.

47G C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S mODROME

crucians Wiedemanii, Auss. Z\v., T, p. 211. Brazil (Wieil.) ; Cuba (Jaermieke, Neue Exot. Dipt., p. 4).

costatus Fabricius, Ent. Syst., IV, ji. 373, 45 {Ihbanns) ; Syst. Antl., p. 112, 8; Palisot, Ins., Dijit., p. 22,
Tab. Ill, f. 7; Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., I, ]>. 104, 4; Auss. Zw., I, p. 198, -5 ; Macquart, Dipt. Exot., I,
1, p. lUO, 8; Bigot, R. cle la Sagra, etc., p. 798; Guerin, Iconogr., Texte, III, p. 542, Tab. XCVII, f. 3
(called C. molcstus on tlic ])latc). S. America (Fabr.) ; Cuba (Macq.) ; Jamaica (Walk.). Tahanus
vm-ifffattis .DeGcui; Tab. XXX, f. 7. (The synonomy i.s very probable.)

frontalis Macquart, Dipt. Exot., I, 1, p. 100, 7. West Indies.

geminatus Wiedemann, Auss. Z\v. I, p. 205, 16; M.acquart, Dipt. Exot., 4° Suppl., p. 39. Patria ignota,
(Wied.) ; Mexico (Macq.).

inornatus AValker, List, etc., I, p. 198. West Indies, Brazil.

lateralis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., I, p. 209, 21 ; Walker, List, etc., I, p. 200 ; Y, p. 288. Patria ignota (Wied.) ;
Honduras (Walk.).

latCfasciatus Bellardi, S.aggio, etc., I, p. 71, Tali. II, f. 15. Mexico.

megaceras Bellardi, 1. c, p. 74 ; Tab. II, f. 18. Mexico.

pallidus Ilcllardi, 1. c, p. 73, Tab. II, f. 10. Mexico.

scalaratus Bellardi, 1. c., p. 72, Tab. II, f. 19. Mexico.

subcaecutiens Bellardi, 1. c, p. 69, Tab. II, f. 13. Mexico.

virgulatus Bellardi, 1. c, p. 71, Tab. II, f. 17. Mexico.

TABANUS.

albiscutellatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 4" Suppl., p. 34, Tub. II, f. 9. JA«-?''''^'^.
albonotatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. .56, Tab. II, f. 5.^ Mexico ; Tampico.
alteripennis Walker, Tran^Ent. Soc. N. Sen, V. p. 274. Mexico.
aurantiacus Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 67 ; Tab. II, f. 9. Mexico.
Bigoti Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 59. Mexico.
^vm.~ Capicalis Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 2' Suppl., p. 20 ; Walkei-, List, etc., V, p. 188.
bipai'titus Walker, List, etc., I, p. 158. Honduras.
caliginosus Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 68, Tab. 22, f. 10. Mexico.
cai'neiis Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, jl 62. Mexico.
circumfusus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., II, p. 624, 21. Mexico.
commixtus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc, N. Ser., V, p. 273. Mexico.
completus Walker, List, etc., I, p. 185. St. Thomas.
Craverii Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 00. Mexico.
De filippii Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 57. Mexico.
dorsifer Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc, W. Ser., V, p. 273. Mexico.
ferrifer Walker, Dipt. Saund., I, p. 30. West Indies.
flavo-cinctus Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 61. INIexico.
lucidulus Walker, List, etc., I, p. 188. Jamaica,
luteo-flavus Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. CO. Mexico.

longiappendiciUatus Macquart, Dipt. E.vot., 5° Suppl., p. 32, 125. Honduras.
nigro-punctatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 67, Tab. II, f. 8. Mexico.
obliquus Walker, Dipt. Saund., I, p. 28. West Indies.
propinquus Bellardi,- Saggio, etc., I, p. 05. Mexico.
purus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc, N. Ser., V, p. 274. Mexico.
qninquevittatus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., I, 84, 39 ; Auss. Zw., I, p. 173, 93 ; Bellardi, S.aggio, etc., T, p. 65.

Mexico.
oculus Walker, List, etc., I, p. 197. Honduras, Columbia.

^ This species has the first posterior coll closed, and petio- which would also include Macquart's species T. maculipen-

late at the distal end. Mr. Rondaui (Diptera exotica rovisa nis, clau.ius, limbali/iervis. The genus, however, cannot be

et annotata, etc., Modena, 18G3, p. 81, fig. 12, 13) proposes maintained.
for this species the establishment of a new genus Bellardia,

OF THE TABAXID.E OF THE UNITED STATES.

477

parallelus Walker, List, etc., I, p. 187. West Indies.

parvidentatus Maerjuart, Dipt. Exot., I, 1, p. 140 ; Wallccr, List, etc., V, 189. West Indies.

rubescens Bellardi, Satrgio, etc., App., ]>. 15. Mexico.

rufiventris Macquart, Dipt. Exot., I, 1, i>. Ul, 30 ; Walker, List, etc., I, p. 180; Bigot, R. de la Sagra. p.

708. Cuba, Jamaica.
Sallei Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. Gl, Tab. II, f. 7. Mexico.
stigma Fabricius, Syst., Antl., p. 104, 50; Wieaemanii, Dipt. Exot., I, 02, 53; Au.ss. Zw., I, p. 180, 104.

South America and St. Thomas.
subsimilis Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. G6. Mexico,
subtilis Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 55. Mexico.
subruber Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 55. Mexico, ruber Macquart, Dipt., Exot, '1' Supjil., p. 42 ; Walker,

List, etc., V, p. 188.
Sumichrastl Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 56. Jlexieo.
tinctus Walker, Dipt. Saund,, I, p. 20. West Indies.
trilineatus Latreille, Huinb. et Bompl. Rec. d'Obs. de Zool., fasc. X, ]i. 110, 117, Tab. XI, f. 6 ; Wiedemann

Dipt. Exot., I, p. 84 ; Auss. Zu-., I, p. 108 ; Walker, List, etc., V, [). 217 ; Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 03.

Mexico.
Truquii Bellardi, Saggio, etc., I, p. 04, Tali. II, f. 0. Mexico.

INDEX.

Atylotus, siibgcn. nov., IT, 425.
Chrysops, I, 3G9.

ajsfiians v. d. Wiilp, I, 3 78.

affinis Bell., II, 4 7.->.

apicalis Bell., II, 4 75.

approximaiLs W.alker, I, 396.

ater Macq., I, 375.

areolatiis Walk., I, 390.

atropos O. S., I, 372.

canif'rons Walk., I, 385.

calliJus O. S., I, 379.

carbonarius Walk., I, 375, 377.

celer O. S., T, 3 7G.

convergens Walk., I, 39G.

costatus Fabr., II, 476.

crucians Wied., II, 478.

delicatiilus O. S., I, 380.

divisiis Walk., I, 372.

excitans "Walk., I, 373.

follax O. S., I, 392.

fascipennis Macq., I, 387.

ferrugatus Fab., I, 396.

flavidus Wied., I, 385.

frigidus O. S., I, 384,11, 474.

frontalis Macq., 11, 476.

fugax O. S., I, 375.

fuliginosus Wied., I, 393.

furcatus Walk., I, 391.

geminatus Wietl., II, 4 76.

gigantiiUis Loew, II, 476.

hil.aris O. S., I, 391.

inornatus Walk., II, 476.

indus O. S., I, 383.

MEMOmS BbST. SOC. NAT. HIST. VOL. n.

Chrysops Lateralis Wied , II, 4 76.

latefaseiatus Bell., II, 476.

liheatu? .Taennicke, I, 390.

bigens Wied., I, 394.

megaceras Bell., II, 476.

mills O. S., I, 37 4.

niccclius O. S., I, 387.

moerens Walk., I, 378.

montanus O. S., I, 382.

morosus O. S., I, 389, II, 474.

niger Macq., I, 377.

niger AValk., I, 376.

nigrlpes Zett., I, 394.

obsoletus Wied., I, 393.

pallidus Bell., II, 4 76.

pl.mgens Wied., I, 393.

provocans Walk., I, 374.

piidieus O. S., I, 381, II, 474.

qnadrivittatiis Sa_v, I, 395.

sealaratus Bell., II, 476.

se|)iilehr.alis Kirby, I, 395.

sonlidus O. S., I, 376.

striatus O. vS., I, 391.

subcKCutiens Bell., II, 476.

trinotatus Maeq., I, 389.

univittatus Macq., I, 38 7.

variegatus DeGecr, II, 476.

virgulatus Bell., II, 476.

vittatus Wieil., I, 390.

vittatus Bell, I, 391.
Diabasis I, 396, II, 474.

fernigata, I, 396.
atisnia, I, 396.

120

478

C. R. OSTEN SACKEN'S PRODROME.

Diacliloriis, TI, 4 7.5.

furriii;atiis, II, 4 75.
Diilu'laccra, II, 4 7.J.

ffiTugata, I, 3DG.
abieus Walk., II, 475.
scapiilai-is Jlai-ij., II, 4 75.
IIa>iiiat,i>pota I, 395.

aiiRTicana O. S., I, 395.
pkivialis, I, 39G.
jiunctiilata Macq., I, 39.>.
crassipes Fabr., II, 475.
Iliulnis lopidotus IVrty, II, 475.
Lepidosulnga, II, 4 75.

It'pidota Wii-ib, II, 475.
recta Louw, II, 4 75.
rangonia I, 365.

aurulans Wii'il., II, 475.
atrlfera Walk., II, 4 75.
b,a!^ilaris Wieil., II, 475.
clirvscX'Oina (). S., I, 308,
ftlvoUirta Bell., II, 4 75.
fulvitliorax Wiufl., II, 475.
fusiformis Walk., I, 3&G.
incerta Bvll., 475.
iiu-isa Wiuil., I, 3GG.
macroglossa Westw., I, 3GS,
Bigronotata Macij., II, 4 75.
pigra O. S., I, 3C7.
planiventris Macq., II, 475.
rliinopliora Bl-11., II, 4 75.
rasa Lojw, I, 3GG..
rostrii'era Bell., II, 4 75".
Sallei BelU II, 47.5.
Saussurei Bell., II, 475-.
semlflava WieJ., II, 475.
tenuirostris Walk., II, 475>.
traiKjiiilla O". S., I, 3(j7.
Wiedeiiianni Bell., 11,475.
Silviiis, I, 395.

isalx-llinu.s Wicd., I, 395.
tritbliiiin O. S., I, 395.
Tabamis, II, 421.

aUlominalis Fab., 11, 434. fc
abiens Walk., 11, 475. '

IU.W.

Aeta>on O. S., II, 443.
affinis Kirl)y, II, 4GG.
slbisciitellatiis Maeq., II, 476.
albonolatiis Bell., II, 47Gi
alteripeniiis Walk., II, 476.
amerieaiius Drtiry, II, 454.
anierieanus Forst., 11, 457.
amencamis Pal. Beauv., I, 396.
annulatus Say, II, 473. Vli, ^^Y?"
apicalis Macq., II, 476.
astutus O. S., II, 471.
ater Pal. Beauv., II, 45G.
ater Wicd., II, 455.
atratus Fabr., II, 454.
aurantiacus Bell., II, 47G.
baltimorunsis Macq., II, 473.

Tabanus bicolor IMacq., II, 45S, 4 73.
bieolor Wied., II, 4G0.
BigDtii BjII., II, 4 70.
bipartitiis Walk., II, 47G.
caesiofasciatiis ?\I irq., II, 45.S, 473.
calens Linn., 11, 172.
caligino.'ins Bell., II, 4 7G.
carnciis Bell., II, 47G.
carolinen?is Mac([., II, 473.
catenatns Walk., II, 4331
cerastes O. S., II, 4G'2.
clieliopterus Rondani, II, 473.
ciiictns Fab., II, 4G4.
cingnlatns Macq., II, 473.
cireuinfnsu5 Wied., II, 4 7G.
coiTeatus Macq., II, 441.
conies Walk., II, 473.
coinnii.xtiis Walk., II, 4 7G.
conqdetus Walk., II, 4 7G.
coniusns Walk., II, 473.
conterniinns Walk., II, 473.
costalis Wied., II, 450.
costatns Fab. (Clirysops).!^^ rib
ovn.r'it niMiin Wu'd,
Craverii Bell., II, 4 7G.
cymatopbonis O. S., II, 444.
de Filippii II, 47G.
derivatns Walk., II, 473.
dorsonotatus Macq., IT, 4 73.
dnrsifer Walk., II, 47G.
duplex Walk., J! 4^^,^^^
i?,^Xnt:i,rrWalClI, 4G1.

t-iH'iatns Walk.

ferrifer Walk., 11, 47G.

ferrugatus Wied., I, 39G.

fcrrngiiiens Pal. Beanv., II, 472.

flavij.es Wied., 11, 402.

flavocinctus Bell., II, 4 76.

flavns Macq., II, 459.

frontalis Walk., II, 474.

fronto O. S., II, 431.

fnlcifrons Macq., II, 437.

fulvescens Walk., 11, 4G0.

fulvofrater Walk., II, 474.

fnlvuhis Wied., II, 451.

funiipennis Wicd., II, 45G.

fusconervosus Macq., ll, 473.

fuscopnnctatus Macq., II, 432. ^^TT-

giganteus DeGeer, II, 458.

gracilis Wied., II, 473.

liirtioculatns Mac<p, II, 473.

illotns O. S., II, 4G9.

imitans Walk., II, 473.

inanis Fab., II, 459.

incisus Walk., IT, 474.

intermedins Walk., IT, 474.

lasioplillialnuis Macq., II, 405.

lepidotns Perty (LepidnseL-Ega), II, 475.

Icuconiclas Walk., 11, 474.

OF THE TABANID.E OF THE UXITED STATES.

479

Tabanus limbatus Pal. Beaur., II, 457.
lineatus Fab., 11, 458.
liiieola Fab., II, 14.S.
lunginppenilieulatus Macq., II, 476.
longus O. S., n, 447.
lucidulus Walk., II, 47C.
lugubris Macq., II, 45G.
luteotlavus Bell., II, 476.
marginalis F.ab., II, 44G, 472.
Megeik'i Wied., II, 457.
melanocenis Wied., II, 440.
mexicanus Lin., II, 459.
microceplialus O. S., II, 4 70.
molestus S.ay, II, 438, 476.
mutatu.s Walk., II, 4 74.
nanus Jlacq., II, 47.?.
niger Pal. Beauv., II, 454.
nubulosus Pal. Bcaiiv., II, 472.
nigrescens Pal. Beauv., II, 453.
nigripes Wied., II, 441, 473.
nigropiinctatiiis Bell., II, 476.
nigruvittatus JMaeq., II, 449.
nivosus O. S., II, 445.
notabilis Walk., II, 4G5.
Nova; Scotiai Macq., II, 473.
obliquus Walk., 11, 4 76.
ochioleucus Meig., II, 459-
oculus Walk.,ir, 476v
olivaceiis Deg., II, 451>.
Oiion O. S., n, 44-2.'
palliilus Pal. Beauv., II, 472'_
palpinus Pal. Beauv., II, 4 72:
parallellus W.alk., II, 476.
parvidentatus Macq., II, 476^
p.ituUis Walk., II, 474.
plumbcus Drury., II, 457.
propinquus Bell., II, 4 76.
pro.ximus Walk., If, 4 74.
psauimophilus O. S., II, 445.
pumilus ilacq., II, 44S.
punetatus Fab., II, 459.
punctifer O. S., U, 453.
punctipennis Macq., II, 473.
purus Walk., II, 476.
quinquelineatus M.icq., II, 439.
quinquevittatus Wied., II, 476.
rocedens Walk., II, 4 74.
Reinwardtii Wied., 11, 461.
rbombicus O. S., II, 472.

Tabanus Rondanii Bell., I, 396.

ruber Macq., II, 477.

rubescens Bell., II, 477.

ruficeps Macq., II, 460.

ruficornis Fab., II, 457.

rufiventris Macq., II, 477.

rufufratcr Walk., II, 474.

rufus Pal. Beauv., II, 456.^"-??-

s.agax O. S., II, 452.

SalleiBell., II, 477.

scapularis Macq., II, 475.

seitus Walk., II, 474.

scutellaris Walk., II, 448.

septentrion.alis I.oew, II, 46 7.

simulans Walk., II, 448. j

soeius O. S., II, 467. = 47' ^i--'^-/ ^•>-

stigma Fab., II, 477.

stygius Say., II, 454.

subsimilis Bell., II, 477.

subtilis Bell., II, 477.

subruber Bell., II, 477.

sulcifrons Macq., II, 437.

sulphureus Pal. Beauv., II, 459.

Sumichrasti Bell., II, 477.

tarandi Walk., II, 463.

Terras NoviE Macq., II, 463.

tectus O. .S., II, 436.

tencr O. S., II, 440.

tinetus Walk., II, 477.

trijunctus Walk., II, 432.

triligatus Walk., II, 474.

trjlineatus Latr., II, 477.

trimaculatus Pal. Beauv., II, 439.

trispilus Wied., II, 464.

Truquii Bell, II, 47 7.

turliidus Wied., II, 43ft.

unicolor Macq., II, 473.

validus Wied., II, 454.

variegatus DeGeer (sec Chrysops).

variegatus Fab., II, 437.

venustus O. S., II, 444.

vicarius Walk., II, 450.

vicJnus Macq., II, 473.

viridiflavus Walk., II, 459.

vivax O. S., II, 446.

Wiedemanni O. S., II, 455.

zonalis Kirby, II, 463.
Therloplectcs, subgen. Zel(., II, 425.

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